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Legume Production and Irrigation Strategies in the Aral Sea Basin:

Legume Production and Irrigation Strategies in the Aral Sea Basin:. Yield, Yield components, and Water Relations of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and Green Gram ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).

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Legume Production and Irrigation Strategies in the Aral Sea Basin:

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  1. Legume Production and Irrigation Strategies in the Aral Sea Basin: Yield, Yield components, and Water Relations of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Green Gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Maryse Bourgault, Chandra A. Madramootoo, Heidi A. Webber, Mikhail G. Horst, Galina Stulina, Donald L. Smith WASAMED Conference Bari, Italy, February 15th, 2007

  2. 1964 1987 2003 NASA 1997

  3. Social Consequences • Waterlogging and salinization • Pollution of environment • Collapse of fisheries and economy • Loss of biodiversity • Health Problems

  4. Main Objective • Evaluate two water saving techniques on two legume crops (common bean and green gram): • alternate furrow irrigation • deficit irrigation

  5. Water Treatments • Alternate Furrow irrigation: • 25% reduction in water use • Deficit irrigation: • when water not land is limiting • maximizing return of water or water productivity

  6. Jan Feb Mar Avr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Avr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec LEGUME CROPS • Common Bean: large-seeded pulse crop • Green Gram: also known as mungbean, small-seeded crop • Fit well after the harvest of winter wheat in the cotton-winter wheat rotation in Uzbekistan

  7. Experimental Design • Split-plot design with depletion levels as main treatments • Data: yield, yield components: number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, harvest index, water potential before and after irrigation events, and stomatal conductance before and after irrigation events.

  8. Results

  9. Yield

  10. Number of Seeds per Pod

  11. Number of Pods per Plant

  12. Harvest Index

  13. Stomatal Conductance

  14. Leaf Water Potential

  15. Alternate Furrow vs Conventional Every Furrow Irrigation

  16. Alternate Furrow vs Conventional Every Furrow Irrigation

  17. Interesting Points • The maximum yield in green gram is achieved in the moderate stress (2003) and severe stress (2004) treatments • The reduction in yield in common bean in both years is not significant between the recommended irrigation schedule and the moderate stress level, indicating that some level of stress can be tolerated without affecting yields. • Green gram increased tolerance could be due to lower stomatal conductance regardless of water availability, but not due to osmotic ajustment

  18. Conclusions • Water savings due to alternate furrow and deficit irrigation can be achieved without significantly reducing yields • Green gram is more drought tolerant, but this is not fully explained by water relations such as stomatal conductance or osmotic potential • Legume production is possible in the Aral Sea basin and could be done with little water

  19. Thank you Thank you: Brace Center and CIDA for financial assistance Prof. Don Smith Prof. Philippe Seguin Prof. Chandra A. Madramootoo Heidi Webber Staff at the SANIIRI institute in Tashkent, and all the field staff in Uzbekistan My colleagues in the Plant Physiology Lab

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