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New Developments in Pulses Production Technologies and Strategies for Enhancing Pulses Production in India. Pooran M Gaur and CLL Gowda International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh.
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New Developments in Pulses Production Technologies and Strategies for Enhancing Pulses Production in India Pooran M Gaur and CLL Gowda International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh
New Developments in Pulses Production Technologies through ISOPOM/NFSM projects to ICRISAT and partners
ISOPOM ProjectImproving heat tolerance in chickpea (2009/10 to 2012/13) • Increasing incidence of heat stress in chickpea • Increasing area under late sown conditions • Fluctuations and increase in temperatures due to climate change • Large shift in chickpea area from northern India to Southern India
Large genetic variation for heat tolerance in chickpea Sensitive Tolerant
Release of heat tolerant variety The heat tolerant line ICCV 92944 released as “JG 14” in Central India for late sown conditions JG 14 is being evaluated in late sown conditions in farmers’ fields
ISOPOM ProjectDevelopment of extra-large seeded kabuli chickpea varieties (2005/06 to 2008/09) Before 2000 Between 2000 to 2005 Target of the project
Extra-large seeded (>50g/100-seed) kabuli chickpea varieties released and breeding materials developed • Varieties released • KRIPA (Phule G 0517) from Rahuri (2009) – Central Zone • IPCK 2 from Kanpur (2010) – North-West Plain Zone (B) Breeding lines developed Several lines under AICRP and station trials
NFSM Project Enhancing chickpea production in rainfed rice-fallow lands (RRFL) of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh (2008-2012) Source: Subbarao et al. (2001)
Expanding chickpea cultivation in rice-fallows Over 3800 demonstrations conducted in 8 villages during 2008-09 to 2009-10
ISOPOM Project: Enhancing Yield and Stability of Pigeonpea through Heterosis Breeding (2005-06 to 2009-10) NFSM Project: Taking Pigeonpea Hybrids to the Doorsteps of Farmers (2007-08 to 2011-12)
Hybrid Pigeonpea • CMS based pigeonpea becomes a reality in the world • 1550 on-farm trials demonstrated25- 60% yield increase over check variety • Hybrid pigeonpeaseed production system transferred to Public and Private seed sectors • ICPH 2671 released by MP in Dec 2010 • ICPH 2740 and other hybrids under on-farm testing in four states
ISOPOM ProjectDevelopment and Popularization of ‘Model’ Seed System(s) for Major Legumes to Ensure Seed-Sufficiency at the Village Level(2006/07 to 2009/10) Crops and states involved
Salient achievement of Seed System project • Farmer-preferred varieties of chickpea, groundnut and pigeonpea identified for each location through FPVS trials • ‘Model’ seed production system(s) identified for each location • Availability of improved seed enhanced at the local level
Expanding area of pulses • Promotion of pulses cultivation in rice-fallows • Inclusion of short duration varieties of pulses as catch crop • Pigeonpea in hills
Enhancing productivity of pulses Technologies available for enhancing productivity • Improved varieties • Hybrids in pigeonpea • Agronomic practices for improved crop establishment and soil and water management • Integrated nutrient management • Integrated pest/disease/weed management • Come-up/life saving irrigation in rabi pulses
What more is needed? • Availability of quality seed - Linking formal & non-formal seed sector - Involve Agro-entrepreneurs in seed supply chain - Village Seed Banks/Farmer cooperatives • Supply micronutrients - Link farmer groups with industry/ suppliers - Soil testing facilities and Soil Health Cards • Procurement of grain - Remunerative prices to farmers - Timely procurement (at harvest) • Helicoverpa resistance and herbicide tolerance (Transgenics) • Suitability for mechanical cultivation
Enhancing profitability of pulses production • Reducing cost of cultivation • Promotion of market preferred cultivars • Value addition and linking farmers to market
Lessons to be learned from success stories • Chickpea revolution in Andhra Pradesh • During the past 10 years • 4-fold increase in area • 2.4-fold increase in yield • 9-fold increase in production • Over 90% area under improved cultivars Trends in chickpea area and production in AP
Key factors for chickpea revolution in AP • Availability of suitable varieties (short-duration, high yielding, fusarium wilt resistant) • High adoption of improved cultivars and production technologies • Transformation of subsistence to market-oriented farming • Grain storage facilities available to farmers at local level and at affordable cost
Suggestions for Pulse Sufficiency • Establish National Pulses Board • Appoint a CEO (Senior IAS Officer) • Authority & accountability for: - Coordinating across ministries/departments - Coordinating with state government machinery - Supply of necessary inputs - Monitor grain procurement and remunerative prices to farmers (not to traders)