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An Empire Unifies China

An Empire Unifies China. Objectives. Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history SOL Objective: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall

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An Empire Unifies China

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  1. An Empire Unifies China

  2. Objectives • Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period • Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history • SOL Objective: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall • SOL Objective: describe the impact of Confucianism and Daoism

  3. Introduction • Zhou Dynasty • 1045 B.C.E. – invade China • Use Mandate of Heaven and Feudalism • Conflict • 700 B.C.E.- Feudalism breaks down • 700 B.C.E- 453 B.C.E- Warring States period • Need for order • Led to questioning what was the best way to keep order in society • Three Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism

  4. The Vinegar Tasters • 1st Confucius • Sour look • Life was sour • Present was out of step with the past • 2nd Buddha • Bitter look • Life was suffering • 3rd Lao-Tse • Smiling • World was teacher of valuable lessons • Natural result of living harmoniously was happiness • Life when understood is sweet not sour and bitter

  5. Confucianism • Kongfuzi- Confucius • 551 B.C.E.- 479 B.C.E. • Saw rulers needed to govern wisely • Changes needed for peace • Teachings • Goal: peaceful and just society • Society best when all people acted properly • 5 basic relationships: • Ruler-subject • Husband-wife • Father-son • Older sibling- younger Sibling • Friend- friend • Authority figures must set good examples • Do not do to others what you would not want done to you • Influence of Confucianism • The Analects • Han Dynasty • Civil servants hired for ability instead of birthright • Civil service exams • Influenced Chinese culture • Respect for elders • Proper behavior • Love of scholarship

  6. Daoism (Taoism) • Laozi (Lao-Tzu) • Author of Dao De Jing (The Classic of the Way and its Power) • Legend? • 500s B.C.E. ? • Teachings • Ancient idea of the Dao, or “the way” • The force that gave order to the natural universe • People gained happiness and peace by living in harmony with nature • Nature full of opposites • Follow nature by meditation • Accept whatever comes • Must discover on your own • Government should interfere the least • Influence • Encouraged rulers to govern less • More significant impact on • Thought • Writing • Art • Developed into a religion

  7. Legalism • Hanfeizi • 280-233 B.C.E. • Prince of a royal family • Book called Hanfeizi • Teachings • Based on idea that people are naturally selfish • Pursue self-interests • Not enough for rulers to rule by example • Strict laws • Harsh punishments • People that critize government should be banished • Rulers should have absolute power • Trust no one, even family • Influence • Qin Dynasty used Legalism to build a strong central government • Adopted strict policies

  8. APPARTS: The Analects • A: author • P: place and time • P: prior knowledge • What was going on that LED author to write it? • A: audience • Who was it written for? • R: reason it was written • Why did the author write it? • T: the main idea • What is the main idea of the source? • S: significance • Why is it importance?

  9. Qin Dynasty • Replaced Zhou Dynasty in third century B.C.E. • Shi Huangdi • “First emperor” 221 B.C.E. • Defeated invaders and crushed internal resistance • Doubled China’s size • Wanted to unify China • Had to crush political opposition • Policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches” • All nobles families forced to live in the capital city • Seized their land, created 36 administrative districts • Silenced opposition by murdering hundreds of Confucian scholars • Burned “useless” books • Established an autocracy- government in which ruler has unlimited power

  10. Centralization • Highway network of 4,000 miles • Peasants forced to work on roads • Trade blossomed • Merchants became a new prominent class • Uniform standards for • Writing • 9,000 approved characters • Law • Detailed laws and punishments • Currency • Metal coins of bronze or gold • Hole in center • Weights and Measures • Measuring cups • Standardized weights • Irrigation projects increased farm production • Qin Dynasty unpopular • Harsh taxes • Repressive government

  11. Great Wall • Zhou Dynasty had built small walls to discourage attacks from invaders • Focused on northern border • Shi Huangdi wanted to close gaps and unify wall 1,400 miles • Used 100,000s of peasants to build • Die or build wall • Difficult conditions • Thousands died • Wall worked

  12. Fall of the Qin Dynasty • Peasants rebelled three years after Shi’s son took control of the Dynasty • One of the leaders of the rebellions from the land of Han marched on capital in 202 B.C.E. • Would lead to the Han Dynasty

  13. Death and Burial of Emperor Qin • Afraid of dying • Wanted to be immortal • Searched for magic potion • Xian • Emperor’s tomb • Terra cotta army • Discovered in 1974 C.E.

  14. Writing Workshop • Was Shi Huangdi a good or bad ruler? • Create a thesis statement • Create information list • Create outline

  15. Information List Good Ruler Characteristics Bad Ruler Characteristics

  16. Outline • Introduction Paragraph • State thesis • Briefly describe main points • Paragraph 2 • Main point # 2 • Paragraph 3 • Main point # 3 • Paragraph 4 • Main point # 4 • Conclusion • Restate conclusion • Summarize main points

  17. Objectives • Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period • Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history

  18. Essential Questions • Why was the Great Wall of China built? • Line of defense against invaders • What were contributions of Classical China? • Civil service exam • Paper • Porcelain • silk • Why were Confucianism and Daoism important in the formation of Chinese culture? • Confucianism Daoism Belief that Humans are good Humility Respect for elders simple life and inner peace Code of Politeness (still used today) harmony with nature Emphasis on Education Ancestor Worship

  19. Homework • Stearns Chapter 2 Outline • Continue working on Notecards for SS Fair Project • Coming up: Essay #2 , Classical India/China Exam

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