Universidade Atlântica - Portugal

1. Universidade Atlântica - Portugal WP 10 Comparative policy analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

2. Universidade Atlântica - Portugal • 1. Deliverable 10.1 (contribution to) -The Role of Socioeconomic Analysis in Demand for Fresh Water • 2. Deliverable 10.2 -Comparative Analysis (due to August 2005) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

3. WP10 Objectives Comparative Analysis To identify commonalities and differences and relate them to the specific regional settingTo identify more generally applicable results that are invariant across the case studiesTo organise these finding in terms of a comparative policy assessment, and best practice examples SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

4. Complete indicator data base Role socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis • Socialization of water scarcity management • Anticipating on trends in society • Public preferences taking into account • Public support for policy measures • Governments expect more responsibility according with water resources (other authorities, business communities and citizens) • Giving account of government efforts SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

5. Complete indicator data base Socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

6. Complete indicator data base Socioeconomic information to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis To collect in a systematic way information on the supply and demand of use of water (D), the economic value of water systems (I), effectiveness and efficiency of the way public and private money is spent and the distribution of financial founds according water resources (R) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

7. Complete indicator data base Socioeconomic information to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis • Competing land uses • •Confidence in market forces • •Work towards higher efficiency • •A just distribution of advantages and • disadvantages SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

8. Complete indicator data base Policy process information to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis To collect in a systematic way information on interventions taken by authorities, companies and citizens (decision makers) in order to recognize the need for (new) policy, to formulate well-founded policy strategies, to be able to assess it and account for it all to society SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

9. Complete indicator data base Policy process information to understand water scarcity Comparative Analysis • Need to approach problem definition • Consciousness of interdependency • Other than rational analytic views on policy processes • Increasing urge for giving account of government actions SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

10. Complete indicator data base The role of socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcity (DPSIR framework) Comparative Analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

11. Develop derived/aggregate indicators (normalised) or indices Indicators in Water Management(Existing) Comparative Analysis Water Availability Index Environmental Sustainability Index Index of Water Scarcity Human Needs Index(Gleick, 1996) - considers the use of water instead of water availability. A person needs 50 litres per day for basic water requirements (drinking, cooking, bathing and hygiene) Water Poverty Index(Sullivan, 2002, Lawrence et al., 2002) - water scarcity issues and socio-economic aspects – 5 aspects considered: (Resources, Access, Use, Capacity and Environment) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

12. Develop derived/aggregate indicators (normalised) or indices Indicators in Water Management(Existing) Comparative Analysis Social Water Stress Index represents a society’s social adaptive capacity in facing the challenges of physical water scarcity. Dividing the amount of annually available renewable water by population size and the Human Development Index for each country. A higher value indicates a greater degree of water stress. Access to drinking waterand sanitation services Water Stress Indicator SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

13. Complete indicator data base Comparative Analysis Information pyramid (Wamsley, 2002, modified) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

14. Use of Indicators to the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis Availability of Indicators and the level of analysis Acceptability Comparability Clarity SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

15. Universidade Atlântica - Portugal Deliverable D10.2Comparative Analysis of case studies SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

16. Deliverable D10.2 Objectives Comparative Analysis To compare water policies and practices between five countries (case studies)Typifying each case study departing from a common list of indicatorsCompare the policies adopted by each case study region with the WFD of the EUDescription of the main causes and effects of water scarcity SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

17. Main Topics IntroductionMethodologyTrends in water renewable and withdrawalSocioeconomic dimensions and water resources Population and water scarcityWater scarcity and sustainable development Comparative water policy dimensions Comparative Analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

18. Deliverable D10.2 Introduction Comparative Analysis Theoretical approach: Origin of human communities and water use (as infinitive resource) Growth of water demandMain causes of Water resource pressuresWater policies role and the efficiency of water management SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

19. Comparative Analysis Deliverable D10.2 Introduction Regional approach: Population Growth and Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa regionsThe Middle East and North African countries are home to 300 million people (5 % world total)1 % of the world annual renewable water resourcesThe freshwater problems have arisen from increasing demand for water SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

20. Deliverable D10.2 Comparative Analysis Introduction: data needs Lack important data to fulfill the base of comparative analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

21. Deliverable D10.2 Comparative Analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004 Source: Turkey draft deliverable 5.1

22. Introduction:Data needs by level of analysis and sources Comparative Analysis Regional (Case study, from National and regional statistics)National (from United Nations statistical yeardbook and other official entities) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

23. Methodological principles for the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis Definition of the object for analysisThe level of comparisonConceptual comprehension Analysis of the indicators Assessment of present and future trends SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

24. Methodological principles for the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis The level of comparison Similiarity Difference Water scarcity indicators 5 countries Analysis of differences Analysis of common features SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

25. Methodological principles for the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis Conceptual understanding The comparison to be relevant - concepts are defined clearly The concepts are utilized not only during approach and analysis, but also when comparing and analyzing the results SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

26. Methodological principles for the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis Analysis of the indicators In comparative analysis of indicators, the results depending essentially on the method The methods of comparison depends of the subject. In this study various methods to compare will be adopted SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

27. Methodological principles for the comparative analysis Comparative Analysis Analysis of the indicators: methods of comparison SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

28. Analysis of the indicators Interaction between subjects and objects Compatibility between levels of analysis Context knowledge of the research object Comparative Analysis Similarity of compare case studies (typifiing) Comparison of the collected data Comparison of concepts and definitions Factors enhancing the success of comparative analysis Comparative Analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

29. Problems related to international comparative analysis Comparative Analysis • differences in implementation policies • goal differences • differences in steering systems • At the theoretical point of view, the international scale of analysis is more difficult to obtain the optimal preconditions for comparative analysis SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

30. Assessment of present and future trends Comparative Analysis • Specification of the policy context for the analysis. Derived from the following: • Inventory of relevant national and international lows and regulations (including - EU WFD) • Assessment of stakeholders and their interests within the case study areas SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

31. Assessment of present and future trends Comparative Analysis 2.Comparative analysis of three scenarios providing possible future trends in case study areas and water scarcity driving forces. Three scenarios developed for 5 countries are being compared to describe the alternative futures and to map trends in natural systems (e.g. climate), economic and social systems (e.g. societal preferences, economic growth), institutions (e.g. strictness of environmental quality targets) which lead to those futures. SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

32. Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships Comparative Analysis In this step could be interesting to interact with the regional Decision Makers (e.g. Water Policy Leaders and Stakeholders) The Decision makers could provides guidance to the most pertinent policy context and to evaluate the relevanceof the projected scenario assumptions (including Pressure indicators) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

33. Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships Comparative Analysis This guidance enter as input of models or helping as link between models and Comparative Analysis In this perspective scenario assumptions to P indicators resulting from the identification of measures and development of three different management strategies SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

34. Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships Comparative Analysis • This guidance enter as input of models or helping as link between models and Comparative Analysis • In this perspective scenario assumptions to P indicators resulting from the identification of measures and development of three different management strategies • BAU Scenario: Identifies and assesses measures regarding to the cost-effectiveness and the feasibility of implementation: technical measures, working with nature measures, economic incentives (resulting from the consultation proccess) • Other 2 scenarios: constructing alternative packages of measures which, together, could achieve pre-defined targets (resulting from the ES analysis, however including the reactions of colsuntation proccess) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004

35. Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships Comparative Analysis Impact assessment of management strategies expressed in the three scenarios • Evaluation of management strategies • Evaluation of the scenarios • Policy analysis covering current situation and future options (This step involves the use of software tool (ex: Definite) SMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004