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W11/13/12; F10/29/10; F10/31/08; F11/9/07; M11/6/06

W11/13/12; F10/29/10; F10/31/08; F11/9/07; M11/6/06. Politics in Age of Jackson (Ch. 10.1-10.2; pp. 270-279) Q: What were the big issues of Jackson’s presidency? How effective was Jackson in dealing with these issues?. I . Overview of Jackson. Spoils System King Veto populist.

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W11/13/12; F10/29/10; F10/31/08; F11/9/07; M11/6/06

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  1. W11/13/12; F10/29/10; F10/31/08; F11/9/07; M11/6/06 Politics in Age of Jackson(Ch. 10.1-10.2; pp. 270-279) Q: What were the big issues of Jackson’s presidency? How effective was Jackson in dealing with these issues?

  2. I.Overview of Jackson • Spoils System • King Veto • populist

  3. II. Major Issues A. Overview • Tariff • Internal improvements • US Bank • American System • Basis of 2nd 2-party system • States rights vs. federal power

  4. II. Major Issues (cont.) A. Tariff • Calhoun vs. Jackson • VP vs Pres. • Conflict focuses on two issues: • Eaton Affair • Tariff 1. Eaton Affair • Peggy Eaton marries John Eaton • Eaton is Sec. of War • wild and loose reputation for Peggy Eaton • shunned by DC society and wives of other cabinet members, esp. Calhoun’s wife • reminds AJ of own wife’s issues • harms AJ & Calhoun’s relationship

  5. II. Major Issues (cont.) 2. “Tariff of Abominations” • Calhoun opposes • anonymously writes SC Exposition & Protest • disproportionately hurts S • becomes issue again in Election of 1832 • SC nullifies • Force Bill passed • SC nullifies • conflict imminent b/w AJ (US) and SC (Calhoun) • Henry Clay & “Compromise Tariff of 1832” • Lowers rates • SC revokes tariff nullification but not Force Bill

  6. II. Major Issues (cont.) B. Internal Improvements • AJ opposed • vetoed Maysville Rd. – 1830 C. U.S. Bank • 2nd Bank – re-chartered in 1816 for 20 years • Nicholas Biddle – president of bank • Clay wants campaign issue • Calls for early bank vote – Election of 1832 • Bank rejected • Clay loses – 2-time loser (one to go…)

  7. II. Major Issues (cont.) C. Bank (cont.) • Jackson guts bank – pulls money • Moves federal deposits to state banks • “Pet Banks” • Issue paper money (no specie) • Bad investments • Deposit Act (1836) • Increased # deposit banks • Loosened federal control of banks • Specie Circular – 1836 • Back up money supply w/ hard currency • Only specie accepted for sale of federal lands • Policies help lead to Panic of 1837

  8. II. Major Issues (cont.) D. Panic of 1837 • Too much paper money (little specie) • Bad investments – esp. by states in canals • Too much easy credit • 2nd major recession/depression • Lasts most of van Buren’s term

  9. III. Election of 1836 • Martin van Buren • Dem – NY • Loyal to AJ • “new Dem” • Multiple candidates for Whig • Weak strategy – split votes • MvB inherits weak economy • Independent Treasury • Tries to avoid easy credit of US Bank • Temporary solution (eliminated in 1840s) • Little federal oversight of money until Civil War

  10. IV. Second 2-Party System • Lasted from 1828-54 • Shaped by Jackson’s personality • analogy to Hamilton and 1st 2-party system • Focused on economic issues • esp. American System • Some political issues • esp. state vs. federal • Sectionalism minimized • Cross appeal to 3 regions – N, S, W • Review election results, 1836-1852

  11. IV. Second 2-Party System (cont.) Election Results • 1836 • van Buren – Dem • 1840 • Harrison – Whig • 1844 • Polk – Dem • 1848 • Taylor – Whig • 1852 • Pierce – Dem • political system works, minimizes sectionalism

  12. V. Election of 1840 • MvB(Dem) vs. Harrison (Whig) • Good phrases but few issues • ran on economy & personalities • “Hard Cider” campaign • “Tippecanoe & Tyler, too” • Harrison dies after 30 days • Tyler first accidental President • Zero factor…

  13. Zero Factor • 1840 • 1860 • 1880 • 1900 • 1920 • 1940 • 1960 • 1980 • 2000 • Harrison • Lincoln* • Garfield • McKinley • Harding • FDR* • JFK • Reagan– ass’n attempt, but survives • G.W. Bush – “pretzel & shoe attempt”

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