What is Science?

1. What is Science? Chapter 1

2. Lesson 1.1 What is Science?

3. What are the main branches of science?

4. Science • A system of ________________________________ ____________________________________________

5. Science and Technology • Technology is the __________________________ ____________________________________________ • Are interdependent. • How is life different now than it was in the late 1800s?

6. Branches of Science • Natural science • Physical Science -_________________________________ • ________________- application of physics and chemistry to the study of the Earth. • Space Science - study of universe beyond _________ • Life Science - ____________________________(Biology).

7. Is the study of the muscle movements in the human body an example of biology or physics?

8. Physical Science • Space and Time • Matter and Change • Forces and Motion • Energy

9. The BIG Ideas of Physical Science • The Universe is ____________________________ meters in diameter. • The same as: 700,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 beach balls. • There are two characteristics of matter: • ____________________ • ____________________ • The basic building block of matter is the __________________

10. The BIG Ideas of Physical Science • _____________causes a change in motion. • Something still-start to move • Something moving-change direction • Two types of energy: • Kinetic-__________________________________________ • Potential-________________________________________

11. True or False? • The scientific facts of today will not change in the future.

12. Lesson 1.2Using a Scientific Approach

13. Scientific Method • An organized plan for ______________________ ____________________________________________ • The goal is to solve a problem or to better understand an observed event. • How can you test if running in the rain keeps you drier than walking in the rain over the same distance?

14. Making Observations • A scientific investigation often begins with making observations. • Observation – _________ ______________________________________________ • How does your speed affect how wet you get when you are caught in the rain?

15. Hypothesis • ____________________________________________ • If…then…statement. • If I run faster in the rain, then I won’t get as wet.

16. Testing a Hypothesis • Experiments – ______________________________ ____________________________________________ • Manipulated variable – ______________________ ____________________________________________ • The speed with which you walk or run. • Responding variable –_______________________ ____________________________________________ • The amount of water you accumulate. • _______________________– only one variable, the manipulated, is deliberately changed at a time. All other variables kept constant.

17. Drawing Conclusions • Does your data support the hypothesis? • Walking Scientist – 217 grams of water. • Running Scientist – 130 grams of water. • Scientific evidence supports our earlier hypothesis. • What happens if the hypothesis was not supported? • __________________________________________________ • New experiment must be performed.

18. Developing a Theory • Can a theory be developed after one experiment? • Scientific theory –___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ • Theories are never ______________, they only become stronger with evidence. • Earth is flat, Earth is round, Earth is spherical.

19. Scientific Laws • A statement ___________ _____________________________________________________________________ • Describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it. • Ex: Law of Gravity

20. Scientific Models • Make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to _______________________ • Newer models continually replacing older models.

21. 1.3 Measurement

22. Scientific Notation • Scientific Notation - ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ • 300,000,000 = 3.0 X 108 • 0.00086 = 8.6 X 10-4 • Multiplying? • _________________the numbers that appear before the multiplication signs and ______________the exponents. • Dividing? • _________________the numbers that appear before the exponential terms and _________________the exponents.

23. International System of Units • SI system

24. Units • _______________– straight-line distance between two points (meter). • Mass – _____________________________________ ________________________________________(kg). • Volume – __________________________________ ________________________________________(m3). • Density – ratio of an object’s mass to its volume (_______________) • Kg/m3

25. SI Prefixes

26. Conversions • How many grams in 160 mg? • 0.160 grams

27. Limits of Measurement • Precision – _________________________________ ____________________________________________ • The precision of an answer limited by the least precise measurement in the calculation. • Accuracy – _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

29. Temperature • Measured with a ___________________________.

30. 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data

31. Organizing Data • Scientists can organize their data by using data tables and graphs. • Data tables – relates two variables – __________________________________________.

32. Line Graphs - Showing changes • Manipulated – ___________________ • Responding – ___________________ Slope = Rise/Run Steepness of the line Figure 21  Plotting the mass of water against the volume of water yields a straight line.

33. Bar Graphs – _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ • Circle Graphs – _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________