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Georgia State Government

Georgia State Government. USE PAGE 530. WARM-UP. How many Constitutions has Georgia had? - When was the first state Constitution approved? - When was the last Georgia constitution approved? What is the purpose of Georgia government?

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Georgia State Government

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  1. Georgia State Government

  2. USE PAGE 530 WARM-UP • How many Constitutions has Georgia had? - When was the first state Constitution approved? - When was the last Georgia constitution approved? • What is the purpose of Georgia government? • What is the largest branch of State government and who is the head of it?

  3. Question:What is a Constitution? • Answer: A Constitution is a written plan for how a government is supposed to operate or work… • Both the United States and Each Individual States have a constitution…

  4. SS8CG1a Georgia’s Constitution • Georgia adopted its first state constitution in 1777 just after the Colonies declared themselves free from Great Britain. • Georgia has had 10 State Constitutions • The Current one was created in 1983.

  5. Georgia’s Constitution • The Preamble to the State Constitution reads… “To perpetuate the principles of free government, insure justice for all, preserve peace, promote the interest and happiness of the Citizens and of the family, and to transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty, we the people of Georgia, relying on the protection and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution”

  6. SS8CG1a Georgia’s Constitution • Georgia’s Constitution states that “All Government, of Right, Originates with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted for the good of the whole. Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and are at all times amenable to them.”

  7. Georgia’s Constitution • This means that the Government is founded by Permission of the people, and those officials in government are accountable to serve us and our needs as state citizens. • This concept is called “popular sovereignty.” - The fact that true governmental power is derived from the people…

  8. SS8CG1b Separation of Powers • There are Three Main powers of Government…-Legislative – Making the Laws-Executive – Enforcing or Carrying out the Laws-Judicial – Interpreting the law and judging criminals according to it.

  9. Separation of Powers • Georgia’s State Government Works similar to the Federal/National Government • The Legislative Branch is called the General Assembly. It is Bicameral with a… -State Senate (56 members) and a -State House of Representatives (180 members). • Each member has a 2 year term.

  10. Separation of Powers • The Executive Branch is headed by the Governorwho serves a 4 year term. • The Judicial Branch is headed by the Supreme Court of Georgia, Justices are elected.

  11. Roles of Citizens under Georgia’s Government • Citizens have rights… These Rights are given to you by the U.S. and State Constitutions. Among them are…- Free Speech- Freedom of Religion- Freedom of the Press- Right to keep and bare arms- Right to a speedy, fair, and public trial.

  12. Roles of Citizens under Georgia’s Government • With Rights comes Responsibilities…- Voting – Though it is a right, it is also the responsibility of a free citizen. It is the responsibility to research every office and issue you vote for. -Paying Taxes- It is every citizens Duty to pay taxes to the Federal, State, and Local government. -Jury Duty- For our court systems to be fair, you may be called to participate on a jury-Draft- All young men at the age of 18 must register for the draft for military service

  13. Roles of Citizens under Georgia’s Government SS8CG1 • To vote in Georgia, one must be…-18 years Old-A Citizen of the United States- a Legal resident of the county in which you reside • Voters May join a Political Party, which is a group of voters who have like minded issues.

  14. Georgia’s Legislative Branch • Georgia’s Legislative branch is called the General Assembly. • It is made up of two houses (bicameral)-The Senate (56)-The House of Representatives.(180) • To be in the State House of Representatives, you must be 21 years old, Live in Georgia for 2 years, and live in the district you represent.

  15. Georgia’s Legislative Branch • To be in the State Senate you must be 25 years old, Live in Georgia for 2 years, and live in the district you represent. • Both State Senators and Representatives serve two year terms.

  16. Georgia’s Legislative Branch • The Georgia Generally Assembly meets for nearly two months every year beginning in Late January. • Their Primary duties are to pass laws and passing the final version of Georgia’s budget. • Most of the Work done in Georgia’s General Assembly takes place in committees.

  17. Georgia’s Legislative Branch • The House of Representatives has 36 committees. • The leader of the House of Representatives is called the Speaker of the House. • The Majority leader represents the Majority Political Party while the Minority leader represents the minority political party. • The “Floor Leader” promotes the causes of the Governor

  18. Georgia’s Legislative Branch • Georgia’s Senate also is made up of Committees, of which, there are 26. • The Leader of the Senate is called the “President of the Senate” -Georgia’s Lieutenant Governor is President of the Senate • There is also a President Pro Tempore of the Senate. This is the leader of the Majority Party.

  19. Ticket Out the Door • What qualifications must one be in order to run for The State Senate? • How long does the Georgia General Assembly meet for every year? • What are the main duties of the Georgia General Assembly? • Both the State House and State Senate are made up of ______________.

  20. Ticket Out the Door • What Principle of Government means the Government gets its powers from the people? • What Principle of Government means that the powers of Government are divided? • What principle of government keeps each branch from becoming too powerful?

  21. Write and Answer these Questions from the How a bill becomes law section of page 540 • Who can propose an idea for a law?Who can propose the bill for consideration by the General Assembly? • Bills can begin in either house except for bills that have to do with ________ start in the House of Representatives? • What happens when one house passes a slightly different bill than the other house?

  22. The Legislative Process • A potential law (before it is passed) is called a Bill. A Bill goes through several steps before it becomes a law… • Drafting • Introduction • Committee Consideration • Floor Consideration, • Then to “other house Committee” • Other House Floor • Conference Committee • Governor Consideration • If Necessary, vote to Override the veto (If Necessary) (If Necessary)

  23. Georgia’s Executive Branch • Georgia’s Executive Branch is headed up by the Governor. • His second in command is called the LieutenantGovernor. (This is sort of like the Vice President)

  24. Georgia’s Executive Branch • To run for either the Governorship or the Lieutenant Governorship one must be 30 years old, a U.S. Citizen for at least 15 years, and a resident of Georgia for at least 6 years.

  25. Georgia’s Executive Branch • The Governor can be elected to two-four year terms. • The Lt. Governor can serve an unlimited amount of 4-year terms.

  26. More on Georgia’s Executive Branch Powers of the Governor • Appoints people to lead executive departments • Writes the first draft of the state budget. • Has to make a “State of the State” speech every year. • Can “Pardon” Criminals.

  27. More on Georgia’s Executive Branch Powers of the Governor • Leader of the executive Branch • Commander and Chief or Georgia’s military forces. (Georgia National Guard) • Veto Legislation • Signs bills into law

  28. More on Georgia’s Executive Branch • Powers of the Lieutenant Governor • Serves as Governor if the current governor dies or is too sick to carry out his duties. • As president of the senate, he decides committee memberships and chooses committee chair-persons. Georgia’s Lt. Governor Casey Cagle

  29. Executive Departments • The executive branch is also made up of executive departments. • Department of Agriculture, the Insurance Commissioner and Department of Labor all have elected officials elected by the people. Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine

  30. Executive Departments • The Department ofCorrections, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Natural Resources, and the Department of Transportation all have officials appointed by the governor.

  31. Executive Departments • State Attorney General – This person is the Chief Lawyer for the state. • Commissioner of Agriculture – This person is Head of the Agriculture department. He/she helps maintain farmer’s markets, attract Farming-Related businesses to the state and inspects farms and farming related products. • Commissioner of Labor – This person is head of the Labor department. They regulate the health and safety of workers and enforce state labor laws.

  32. Executive Departments • Commissioner of Insurance – This person regulates the insurance companies and says which ones can operate in Georgia. • Public Service Commissioners – These are people who regulate utilities in Georgia, such as phone, cable, electricity and water. • Secretary of State – This person’s department maintains official records, supervises elections, appoints examining boards, grants corporate charters, and regulates stocks and bonds in Georgia. • State School Superintendant - this is the head of the schools for our state.

  33. State Agencies • There are over thirty state Agencies and Boards… • Most of the members of these state agencies are appointed by the Governor or Commissioners of executive departments. • Examples of Boards and Agencies are the…-State Board of Pardons and Paroles-the Board of Natural Resources-the State Personnel Board.

  34. Review Questions

  35. Because Georgia’s government is involved in many legal proceedings, it needs legal advice and guidance. Which Official of theExecutive branch provides this advice? • Secretary of State • Lieutenant Governor • Commissioner of Labor • Attorney General

  36. Which office of the executive branch maintains state records and supervises elections? • Department of Community Affairs • State Board of Transportation • Department of Labor • State Department (Secretary of State)

  37. Which Branch of the State Government sees that the state laws are implemented? • Commission • Executive • Legislative • Judicial

  38. According to Georgia’s Constitution, how many consecutive years can Georgia’s Lieutenant governor serve in that capacity? • 4 Years • 8 Years • 16 years • Undefined number of years

  39. Which of the following accurately describes the powers of the Georgia General Assembly? • It has law-making powers over all areas of Georgia involving money, taxes ,revenue, and appropriations. • It has law-making powers over all areas not Specifically Stated in the U.S. Constitution. • It has sole power over some areas and split power with the U.S. Government in other areas. • It has powers specifically designated in both the Georgia and U.S. Constitutions

  40. The Judicial Branch in GeorgiaSS8CG4a,b,c,d • The Georgia Supreme Court is the Highest State Court in the State of Georgia. • There are two types of Courts…-Trial Courts- Appellate courts • A Trial Courtis where a criminal’s action or a lawsuit may be tried.

  41. The Judicial Branch in GeorgiaSS8CG4a,b,c,d • An Appellate Court is where a previous case is appealed. • Jurisdiction= is a term meaning which cases a court can try. This is because of the type of case, and the geographic location. • Judges may be appointed, or Chosen in partisan and non-partisan elections

  42. Civil and Criminal Cases • A Civil Caseis where one person sues another for a claim of having done them wrong. -The person suing is thePlaintiff-The Person getting sued is thedefendant • Most Civil Cases are settled out of court, and those found guilty never have to go to jail.

  43. Civil and Criminal Cases • The Second kind of case is acriminalcase.This is where someone accused of breaking the law is put on trial by the law enforcement agencies. • The Government’s lawyer is called the prosecutor.

  44. Georgia Court System

  45. Review Questions

  46. Which Branch of State Government has the main responsibility of writing the laws? • Legislative • Executive • Judicial • Federal

  47. Which elected state official controls the flow of federal and state education funding? • State Attorney General • State School Superintendant • Labor Commissioner • Secretary of State

  48. The division of the three powers of government into three branches to create a limited government is called… • Federalism • Separation of Powers • Checks and balances • Popular Sovereignty

  49. Adult Justice System SS8CG4c • Persons accused of a crime must goes through these steps… • Arrested • Arraignment - The Police bring the accused before the judge to tell why he/she has been arrested • Grand Jury – This is a group of people who determines if there is enough evidence for the accused to stand trial. • Jury trial • Sentencing

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