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Fundamentals on renewable energy sources - Gers
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Table of Contents Introduction General information Types of Renewable Sources Integration
Table of Contents Introduction General information Types of Renewable Sources Integration
Basic Principles of Electrical Systems GENERATION PowerStation Generator Transformer TRANSMISSION 11-23 kV DISTRIBUTION 400-500 kV Grid Supply Point 115-275 kV Transformer Large Factories, Heavy Industry Medium Factories, Light Industry To Small Factories, Commercialand ResidentialAreas 11-13.8 kV 23-34.5 kV 120-480 V SUPPLY
Table of Contents Introduction General information Types of Renewable Sources Integration
World Consumption Source: IEA Key Stats 2013
World Consumption Source: IEA Key Stats 2013
USA General Information Power installed USA
USA General Information Energy produced USA
ENERGY FLOW IN THE USA Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, May 2014
USA Consumption Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Table of Contents Introduction General information Types of Renewable Sources Integration
Photovoltaic Source: http://zolushka4earth.wordpress.com/
Photovoltaic Source: Breyer & Knies, 2009 based on DNI data from DLR-ISIS (Lohmann, et al. 2006).
Photovoltaic Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA
Photovoltaic Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/solarcell/ - please click to the animation!
Photovoltaic Source: Diploma Thesis Kandler, TU München, 2010
Solar Thermal Parabolic trough Parabolic dish
Solar Thermal Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) Solar Tower
Solar Thermal Scheme of solar thermal energy in residential buildings Source: Dena
Solar Thermal Solar thermal energy and PV system on a pitched roof Source: BSW
Solar Thermal General cycle parabolic (ng back up)
Solar Thermal Tower solar (565°C)
Solar Thermal Tower solar operational cycle
Wind Energy Variability of renewable energy generation – wind Source: IEA – Key statistics 2013
Wind Energy Source: GWEC
Wind Energy Source: GWEC
Wind Power Development in the USA Location of wind power development in the United States Source: NREL
Wind Energy Variable-SpeedOperation-DFIG
Wind Energy Variable-SpeedOperation-DFIG
Wind Energy Trends: Off-Shore Wind Reasons for going off-shore: Huge available resources Social acceptability Environmental impacts (e.g. noise) Scale / logistics Potential for reduced LCOE Great potential resources, but great technological problems ▶ (logistics, maintenance, harsh environment) … great opportunities
Biomass Biomass type
Biomass Biomass cogeneration plant Bergkamen
Geothermal US subsurface temperature at a depth of 6.5 km Source: MIT (2006, The Future of Geothermal Energy: Impact of Enhanced Geothermal systems (EGS) on the United States in the 21stCentury)
Geothermal Binary-cycle geothermal power air and water vapour generator turbine condenser iso-butane (vapour) cooling tower iso-butane air air water heat exchanger hot brine geothermal zone injection well production well Source: Brown (1996, Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford) (c) binary cycle power plant