Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

1. TRADOC DCSINT Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

2. FM 7-100.1 Opposing Force Operations OPFOR FM 7-100.1 Opposing Force: Operations Chapter 7 Fire Support

3. Fire Support Concepts • Combines target acquisition, air assets, SSMs, and artillery • IW included as part of fire support

4. Fire Support Principles • Plan early and continuously • Exploit RISTA assets • Consider airspace management & means • Use lowest echelon capable of support • Avoid unnecessary duplication of effort • Use most effective means • Provide rapid and effective coordination • Provide flexibility of employment • Safeguard/survivability of assets • Achieve surprise • Accurate and effective fires

5. Systems Warfare • Primary reason to attack with fires is to destroy key component of enemy combat system or create conditions to destroy other parts of combat system • OPFOR locates target with RISTA and engages with fires, maneuver, or other means

6. Target Damage Criteria • Annihilation – targets completely combat- ineffective • Demolition – destruction of buildings and engineer works • Neutralization – targets temporarily lose combat effectiveness, restricts maneuver, or disrupts C2 • Harassment – psychological pressure on enemy

7. Command and Control • Chief of integrated fires • OSC operations section • Advises OSC commander on fire support • Integrated fires command (IFC) • Standing C2 structure and task organization • Division-level and above • C2 for Air Force, army aviation, artillery, SSM, and RISTA units • Executes all fire support tasks • Fire support coordination center (FSCC) • Located at maneuver battalion to IFC • Plans and coordinates fires

8. Naval Fire Support • Includes shipborne gunfire and sea-launched cruise missiles • Can be under command of theater- or OSC-level IFC • Naval fire support liaison team provided to IFC staff

9. Fire Support Planning • Occurs at the highest level possible • Includes— • Target acquisition • Organization for combat • Fire support missions • Ammunition requirements • Detailed fire support plan • Limited precision munitions for HVTs • NCA controls NBC weapons • SSMs, aircraft, and cruise missiles deliver NBC • Artillery systems of 152-mm and above deliver nuclear and chemical

10. AJ 1001 . 350 Targeting • High-value targets (HVT) • Important to the enemy commander for success • High-payoff targets (HPT) • HVTs that lead to OPFOR success • Time-sensitive targets • Targets requiring immediate response

11. Target Attack Methodology • Plan • Detect • Deliver • Assess

12. Methods of Fire • Fire support to a strike • Reconnaissance fire • Close support fire • Interdiction fire • Counterfire • Counterbattery fire

13. Fire Support of Offensive Maneuver Operations • Suppress enemy troops & weapons • Deny the enemy information • Prevent enemy restoration of systems • Deny counterattacks • Create conditions for a strike • Support exploitation force

14. Fire Support of Defensive Maneuver Operations • Early use is key • RISTA locates enemy • Deny the enemy information • Force early enemy deployment • Maximize obstacles • Create conditions for strike or counterattack

15. Strategic Context • Regional operations • Strike targets in regional opponent’s homeland • Transition operations • Concerned with extraregional intervention • Disaggregation of enemy’s combat system • Access-control operations • Begin dispersing fire support assets • Adaptive operations • Emphasis on preservation • Attacks enemy’s information systems • Use of fire and decoy TTP

16. Fire SupportSummary • Fire support concepts • Fire support principles • Systems warfare • Target damage criteria • Command and control • Fire support planning • Targeting • Methods of fire • Fire support of maneuver operations • Strategic context