Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

1. TRADOC DCSINT Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

2. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force: Doctrinal Framework and StrategyOverviewChapters 1-7 FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy

3. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force: Doctrinal Framework and Strategy Chapter 1The State FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy

4. General Characteristics of the State • Significant geographic area • Growing population and economy • Regional power • Could challenge U.S. interests • Aggressive • Opportunity driven • Global aspirations

5. Perceived Threats • Internal • Regional • Extraregional Drive force design and investment strategy

6. Views of the United States • Overall advantage in warfighting capability • Vulnerability of coalitions • Unwillingness to accept heavy losses • Sensitivity to public opinion • Preference for standoff combat • Lack of optimization for close combat • Dependence on high technology

7. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force:Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 2Structure of the State

8. Elements of National Power • National power is one nation’s capacity to influence the behavior of other nations or non-state actors or exercise control over them. • Two categories comprise national power: • Sources of national power • Instruments of national power

9. Sources of National Power • Geography • Economy • Population • National will • National direction

10. Instruments of National Power • Diplomatic – political • Informational • Economic • Military

11. National Command Authority

12. Supreme High Command

13. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force:Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 3Strategy for Total War

14. National security interests Threat perceptions Political considerations Foreign policy Economic & military strengths & weaknesses Resources & geography History, religion, & culture Technology National Security Strategy The State’s vision for itself as a nation and the underlying rationale for building and employing its instruments of national power.

15. National Security Strategy • Expanding its influence in the region is the State’s primary strategic goal • Planning conducted at national level • Integrates all instruments of national power to prosecute total war

16. DIPLOMATIC- POLITICAL INFORMATIONAL NATIONAL POWER MILITARY ECONOMIC Systems Warfare atStrategic Level

17. Strategic-Level Courses of Action • Strategic Operations: strategic-level COA that uses all instruments of power in peace and war against the enemy’s strategic centers of gravity • Regional Operations: strategic-level COA against regional and internal adversaries the State overmatches • Transition Operations: strategic-level COA that bridges gap between regional and adaptive operations • Adaptive Operations: strategic-level COA against extraregional adversaries that overmatch the State

18. National Strategic Campaign • Specific strategic goals • All instruments of national power • Contingency plans • Training and preparation • Allocation of resources • One campaign implemented at a time

19. Military Strategic Campaign Plan • Peacetime • Develop military SCP • Continuing review • Fit with plans of other ministries • Wartime • Continuing review • Modification • Options and contingency plans • Direct operational-level forces

20. Strategic Operations • Occur throughout the strategic campaign • Not limited to wartime • Target enemy’s strategic centers of gravity • Soldiers’ and leaders’ confidence • Political and diplomatic decisions • Public opinion • Interests of private institutions • National will • Alliances and coalitions

21. Strategic Operations • All Means Available • Diplomatic Initiatives • Information Warfare • Economic Pressure • Terrorist Attacks • State-Sponsored Insurgency • Direct Action by SPF • Deep-Strike Precision Fires • WMD • Place Noncombatants at Risk • No Sanctuary

22. Strategic Information Warfare The synergistic effort of the State to control or manipulate information events in the strategic environment, be they political, economic, military, or diplomatic in nature.

23. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force:Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 4Regional Operations

24. Regional operations are a strategic-level course of action against opponents the State overmatches in conventional power, including regional adversaries and internal threats. Regional Operations

25. Strategic Goals • Primary goal is to expand regional influence • Destroy regional enemy’s will & capability to continue to fight • Still must deal with internal opponents • Start planning for transition & adaptive operations

26. Instruments of Power • Diplomatic-Political • Informational • Economic • Military

27. Strategic Operations • Primarily defensive during regional operations • Prevents other parties from entering conflict • Relies on diplomatic-political, informational, & economic means

28. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force:Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 5Transition Operations

29. Transition operations are a strategic-level course of action that bridges the gap between regional and adaptive operations and contains some elements of both. Transition Operations STRATEGIC OPERATIONS ADAPTIVE TRANSITION REGIONAL OPERATIONS OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

30. Strategic Goals • Conducted when regional/extraregional forces threaten the State’s ability to continue conventional regional operations • Goal is to defeat/prevent outside intervention • Serves as bridge between regional and adaptive operations • Mainly defensive in nature • Buys time for State’s strategic operations to succeed

31. Instruments of Power • Diplomatic-Political • Informational • Economic • Military

32. Strategic Operations • Used to limit or shape enemy coalitions • Military aspects more aggressive than in regional operations • Terror tactics & sabotage used in enemy homeland • Exploit local nationals

33. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force:Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 6Adaptive Operations

34. Adaptive operations are a strategic-level course of action to preserve the State’s power and apply it in adaptive ways against opponents that overmatch the State. Adaptive Operations

35. Strategic Goals • Conducted when there is intervention from outside the region • Goals are to- • Preserve combat power • degrade the enemy’s will & capability to fight • Gain time for strategic operations to succeed • Utilizes creative and adaptive use of existing technologies and forces • Stalemate may equate to victory for the State

36. Instruments of Power • Diplomatic-Political • Informational • Economic • Military

37. Strategic Operations • Deny enemy sanctuary • Access-control operations and strategic attack of enemy LOCs & rear • Conduct or support insurgency operations in the region • Terrorist/SPF attacks in enemy’s homeland • Use of weapons of mass destruction

38. OPFOR FM 7-100 Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework and Strategy FM 7-100 Opposing Force: Doctrinal Framework and StrategyChapter 7Force Design, Mobilization, and Sustainment

39. Supply points Distribution centers Arsenals Plants Manufacturing facilities Medical support Personnel support centers Strategic Logistics Complex • Foundation for logistics system • Integration of civilian and military materiel and service industries • Complex includes – • System supports civilian and military simultaneously

40. Strategic Integration Department • Integrates all instruments of national power • Monitors labor force • Ensures industrial base supports civilian and military during strategic campaign • Ensures economic policies support State needs • Coordinates humanitarian relief actions

41. Force Development and Investment Strategy • Technology development priorities – • Support State’s infrastructure • Dual-use technology • Military unique • Force design goals • Preserve own regime • Exert influence in the region • Contest access to the region • Force design principles • Adaptability • Affordability • Deployability

42. Acquisition and Procurement • Primary modernization objective to deter regional attacks and win quickly • Upgrades and hybridization • Domestic facilities are dual-use • Foreign strategy is total system acquisition • Controlling interest/ownership of foreign firms

43. Mobilization • Universal military training and service • Ministries plan for wartime needs • Pre-positioned stockpiling • State’s logistics system rapidly transitions to wartime requirements

44. Sustainment Categories • Material Support • Elite units have priority • Peacetime – pull system; wartime – push system • Maintenance • Preventative services stressed to extend life • System designed to repair as far forward as possible • Depot Facilities • Holds national level stockpiles • Performs higher level repair work

45. Sustainment Categories (Cont) • Transportation • Centralized planning/decentralized execution • Regulated movement • Fluid and flexible movement • Maximum use of carrying capacity • Personnel • Universal military training • Professional education for personnel • Combat training centers

46. Sustainment Categories(Cont) • Medical • Multistage evacuation • Self-help & mutual aid emphasized • Civil defense, engineering, & construction • Repair battle-damage facilities & structures • Constructs/operates/maintains roads & facilities • Legal affairs • Military justice • Legal services and consultation

47. OverviewSummary Chapter 1: The State Chapter 2: Structure of the State Chapter 3: Strategy for Total War Chapter 4: Regional Operations Chapter 5: Transition Operations Chapter 6: Adaptive Operations Chapter 7: Force Design, Mobilization, and Sustainment