ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY

THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY

THE BASICS • THE DIRECTIONS FOR THE MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION ARE PRETTY SIMPLE • ESSENTIALLY YOU WILL SELECT THE BEST ANSWER THAT FITS THE QUESTION AND RECORD ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

BREAKDOWN BY ERA

BREAK DOWN BY GENERAL SUBJECT MATTER

EXPLANATION OF CHARTS • A BIAS TOWARD THE CONSTITUTION THROUGH WWI • POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES EMPHASIZED • LITTLE ABOUT ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL TRENDS • AT MOST TWO OR THREE QUESTIONS PAST 1975

TYPES OF QUESTIONS THE MAJORITY OF QUESTIONS ARE PRETTY STRAIGHT FORWARD. Roger Williams was exiled from the Salem Bay settlement because he a. endangered the colony by negotiating with Native Americans’ b. championed the abolition of private property c. questioned Parliament’s authority to tax the colonists d. disputed the authenticity of the Mayflower compact e. argued for the separation of church and state

THE ANSWER IS E

SOMETIMESQUESTIONS HAVE 4 CORRECT ANSWERS AND 1 INCORRECT ANSWER. THESE ARE CALLED “NOT/EXCEPT” QUESTIONS The New deal included programs for achieving all of the following goals EXCEPT a. developing an interstate highway system b. stabilizing agricultural prices c. insuring bank deposits d. eliminating industrial overproduction e. providing employment for the unemployed

THE ANSWER IS A

ONCE OR TWICE DURING THE M/C SECTION, YOU WILL BE ASKED TO INTERPRET AN ILLUSTRATION, OFTEN A MAP OR A POLITICAL CARTOON. THE KEY IS NOT TO TRY TO READ TOO MUCH BETWEEN THE LINES.

Hanna: That man Clay was an ASS. It’s better to be president than to be right! The political cartoon implies that a. Mckinley was the first president to favor big business interests openly b. by the 1890s, Henry Clay’s political approach had lost favor with the electorate c. McKinley’s presidential campaign was masterminded by Marcus Hanna d. Marcus Hanna single-handedly controlled all three branches of the federal government e. McKinley was too young to be an effective president

THE ANSWER IS C

THERE WILL BE ONE OR TWO QUESTIONS ASKING TO INTERPRET A GRAPH OR CHART. DO NOT OVERINTERPRET THE DATA. THE CORRECT ANSWER WILL BE INDISPUTABLY SUPPORTED BY THE INFORMATION IN THE CHART

Average, Highest, and Lowest Approval Ratings, by percentage of all eligible voters, for American Presidents, 1953 to 1974 Average High Low Eisenhower 65 79 48 Kennedy 70 83 56 Johnson 55 79 35 Nixon 49 67 24 Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information presented in the chart above? a. Eisenhower was the most consistently popular president in the nation’s history b. Kennedy received greater Congressional support for his programs than did any other president during the period in question. c. Nixon’s lowest approval rating was the result of the Watergate scandal d.The difference between Johnson’s highest and lowest approval ratings was the greatest for any president during the period in question e. Eisenhower and Johnson were equally well liked by all Americans.

THE ANSWER IS D

NO MILITARY HISTORY ANDTRIVIAL PURSUIT • THE APUSH EXAM DOESN’T ASK ABOUT MILITARY HISTORY • WHEN IT ASKS ABOUT WAR, THE QUESTIONS CONCERNS THE POLITICAL OR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF A WAR RATHER THAN THE DETAILS OF WARFARE • APUSH QUESTIONS NEVER TEST ROTE MEMORIZATION ONLY. WHILE YOU HAVE TO KNOW YOUR FACTS TO DO WELL ON THIS TEST, THE QUESTIONS ALWAYS ASK FOR INFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LARGER HISTORICAL TRENDS.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER AND THE ORDER OF DIFFICULTY • THE APUSH EXAM IS ORGANIZED SO THAT THE M.C. SECTION IN A PREDICTABLE WAY. HERE ARE TWO THINGS YOU CAN COUNT ON: • QUESTIONS WILL BE ORGANIZED IN GROUPS OF 8 TO 12. EACH GROUP OF QUESTIONS IN A GROUP WILL BE PRESENTED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. • THE FIRST QUESTION IN A GROUP, FOR EXAMPLE, MAY ASK ABOUT THE TOWNSHEND ACTS (1767) • THE SECOND, ABOUT THE FUED BETWEEN HAMILTON AND JEFFERSON; • THE THIRD ABOUT THE WAR OF 1812; AND SO ON.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER CONT. • YOU WILL NOTICE A SHARP BREAK IN CHRONOLGY WHEN YOU MOVE FROM ONE GROUP TO ANOTHER. • WHEN YOU SEE A QUESTION ABOUT MLK JR. FOLLOWED BY A QUESTION ABOUT THE CHESAPEAKE BAY COLONIES, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU WILL KNOW THAT YOU HAVE MOVED TO A NEW GROUPING.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER CONT. • Each group of questions will be a little bit more difficult than the group that preceded it. • The questions generally go in order of difficulty, with the easiest questions appearing at the beginning of the multiple-choice test and the most difficult appearing at the end. • Think of the first 20 questions as easy, questions 21 through 60 as being medium difficulty, and 61 through 80 as difficult.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER CONT. • Easy questions have easy answers. Do not choose an obscure or trivial answers for an easy question. • Remember also that all the questions are worth an equal amount toward your final score. • Go slowly enough at the beginning to avoid careless mistakes on the easier questions. • The points you lose early in the test will be much harder to make up later on.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER CONT. • You can use this information to your advantage. Ask yourself how you can use this information as you look at the following three questions: • [PASS OUT COPY OF QUESTIONS] • What information can you ascertain from these questions? • Part of first 20 questions - easy • XYZ affair took place between 1764 and 1803 which should help you narrow down the correct answer

The Answers Are... 17. A 18. B 19. A

THE BIG PICTURE • Questions 17 - 19 are designed to illustrate the basic principles of American History. • M/C questions will NOT ask about exceptions to historical trends; the test ignores these, because the test makers are trying to find out whether you have mastered the important generalizations that can be drawn from history. • Keep the big picturein mind when you take the exam. Even if you cannot remember the specific event or concept being tested, you should be able to answer the question by remembering the general social and political trends of the era.

THE BIG PICTURE CON’T 53. During the Harding and Coolidge administrations, the Federal Trade Commission a. greatly increased the number of court cases it brought against unethical businesses. b. controlled the rationing of food, rubber, and gasoline c. generally worked to assist businesses, rather than to regulate them d. was permanently eliminated e. saw its regulatory powers expanded

Here’s how to crack it • At first glance, this question appears to require you to remember the history of the FTC. But, to answer all you need is the BIG PICTURE. • What was the attitude of the 1920s presidents towards business? • They pursued policies favorable to business. • Since pro-business governments weaken regulations, you should be able to eliminate answer choices A and E • Rationing did not occur until WWII, so eliminate B • FTC is still around today so eliminate D • The correct answer is C, which illustrates a BIG PICTURE principle, the 1920s were a pro-business era

Try This Question 68. “[This legislative body declares] that it views the power of the Federal Government as resulting from the compact to which the states are parties, as limited by plain sense and intention of the instrument constituting that compact…and that, in case of deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by the said compact, the states…have the right, and are duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of the evil, and maintaining…the authorities rights, and liberties, pertaining to them.” The quotation above appears in a. the Halfway Covenant b. The Wealth of Nations c. Common Sense d. Virginia Resolutions of 1798 e. The Liberator

Question 68 - therefore difficult • If you key on the big picture the question is not that hard if you have done some preparing for the test • The central concept of the quotation is nullification (states have the right try and stop the federal gov’t when it tries exercise too much power) • You can eliminate answers by knowing what each answer represents • the Halfway Covenant - baptism of Puritans • Wealth of Nations - treatise on capitalism • Common Sense - written before there were states • The Liberator - an abolitionist newspaper • That leaves Virginia Resolutions of 1798 Here’s how to crack it

THE GUESSING PENALTY AND PROCESS OF ELIMINATION • Each wrong answer is worth - .25 points • Each blank answer is worth 0 points • Each correct answer is worth +1.00 points • The question is, “Does guessing have any value towards your score?” • The answer is YES • Why is the answer yes??

THE GUESSING PENALTY AND PROCESS OF ELIMINATION con’t • Statistically speaking, once you eliminate at least one or more incorrect answers choices, guessing will improve your final score. • For example, take five questions of which you guessed. The probability is that you will get at least one right (+1), 4 wrong 4 x .25 (-1) netting a total of zero. • That’s the same if you left all of them blank and skipped them. • Random guesses cancel each other out in the long run

THE GUESSING PENALTY AND PROCESS OF ELIMINATION con’t • You will be rarely faced with a question on which you can’t eliminate at least one of the answers. • In many cases you will be able to eliminate at least two if not three answers. • Whenever you get this far, you must guess from the remaining answers. • Does this mean you should take a guess on every question on the test? • No. Because you only have a limited amount of time to spend on the m/c section.

THE GUESSING PENALTY AND PROCESS OF ELIMINATION con’t • The first thing you want to do is answer all the questions to which you know the answer. • Then go through a process of elimination to whittle down your answer choices to one on the 1- 20 (easy section), the the 21 - 60 (medium section) and finally 61 - 80 (difficult section) • This strategy will help you find the correct answer and improve your overall score.

COMMON SENSE CAN HELP • Sometimes an answer on the m/c section contradicts common sense. Eliminate those answers. Common sense works on the APUSH exam 26. Which of the following best explains the most important effect tobacco cultivation had on the development of the Chesapeake Bay settlements during the 17th century? A. Because tobacco cultivation requires large tracts of fertile land, it led to rapid expansionism in the region. B. The immediate commercial success of tobacco forced the settlers to defend against attacks by Spanish and French settlers, who wanted to take control of the tobacco trade. C. Tobacco provided the settlers a lucrative crop to trade with nearby native American tribes. D. Dependence on tobacco as their only cash crop brought the settlements to financial ruin in the early 1600s. E. British customs houses established in the region to regulate tobacco trade led to widespread resentment of the British by the colonists.

How to apply common sense. • What would the first answer choice to be eliminated? • C - Because why would the Indians trade for something they could easily grow? • Was there ever an attack by the French or Spanish during the 17th century? If there was that would have been big news. It didn’t happen, so eliminate that answer. • If tobacco was the main crop, wouldn’t that help the finances of the settlement rather than ruin it. Eliminate D • The period of colonial resistance was still a hundred years away. Eliminate E • That leaves us with the correct answer of A

Context Clues • Some questions contain clues or vocabulary words that will either lead you to the correct answer or at least help you eliminate an incorrect answer. 60) The confiscation act of 1861 authorized the Union to a. divert commercial production toward the war effort b. negotiate a settlement to the Civil war with ambassadors from the Confederacy c. liberate those slaves used by the Confederacy “for insurrectionary purposes” d. stop merchant ships headed for Europe and seize their cargo e. arrest those advocating secession and hold them without a writ of habeas corpus

Context Clues • If you don’t remember the confiscation act of 1861, the word confiscation might give you enough of a context clue to answer the this question correctly anyway. • Which answers don’t deal with confiscation? • b - negotiate • e - arrest • a - diverting commercial production • d - does not mention WHOSE ships are to be seized • c - this is correct because slaves are considered private property. In order to liberate them they had to confiscate private property.

PRACTICE • Here is a group of five questions that could have come from the m/c section of the APUSH exam. • As you work through them, try to apply everything you have learned in this review. • Use • chronological thinking, • the big picture • process of elimination • common sense • context clues

OVERALL VIEW OF QUESTIONS • Medium difficulty • Chronological order • these questions begin in the middle of one grouping • and that question 37 started a new group • question 36 ended at the first decade of the 1900s • not every set will end in modern times and begin with the colonial era

QUESTION 33 • Context clue “gag order” • Big picture - what are the important issues to this era? • Common sense tells you that Congress did not stop admitting states, deny itself the ability to make war or override a presidential veto (both are privileges grant to Congress by the Constitution) • Slavery was the big picture at that time. • Therefore E is the correct answer

QUESTION 34 • Chronological ordering - question 33 earliest year is 1836 question 35 is Reconstruction • You can conclude that the Wilmot Proviso had to do with something leading up to the Civil War • Process of elimination takes out the Federalists and the Populists • Whigs were split on slavery • Know-Nothings were anti-immigration • That leaves the Free-Soilers who were strictly anti-slavery • The answer is C

QUESTION 35 • Asking you to find out which one of these answers is not like the other • Even if you don’t know what the black codes were you should be able to conclude that a, c, d and e are all similar in that they all indicated a punitive approach toward the South. • Through process of elimination, the answer is b

QUESTION 36 • This one is a big picture question regarding Teddy Roosevelt and his foreign policy • T.R.’s administration is associated with imperialism and interventionism particularly in Latin America. • A is the obvious answer based on the big idea • B,C and D does not fit T.R.’s foreign policy • E refers to the Roosevelt Corollary and makes it look like a potential answer. But T.R. wanted to improve the Monroe Doctrine and not discarded.

QUESTION 37 • Asks about English mercantilism • Indicates test is starting a new group of questions • Big Picture - What did the British want form the Colonies? • Wealth • That make the correct answer B • Remember about 95% of the actions of people and nations are attributed to their desire to acquire wealth.

SUMMARY • Familiarize yourself with the different types of questions that will appear on the m/c section. • Be aware that you will see many questions about political and social history, some questions about international relations, and relatively few about economic and cultural trends. Tailor your studies accordingly. • Look for “big picture” answers. Correct answers on the m/c section confirm important trends in American History

SUMMARY - con’t • The test will not ask you about weird exceptions that contradict those trends. • It also will not ask you about military history. • You will not be required to perform miraculous feats of memorization. • However, you still must study and become familiar with all the basics of American History. (There’s a lot of basics to know though) • Use the chronological ordering of questions to figure out which time period you are being asked about.

SUMMARY - con’t • Be aware these questions are presented in groups of 8 - 12 • That each group maintains chronological order. • Each group is a little more difficult than the one that precedes it. • Use process of elimination on all but the easiest questions. • Once you have worked on a question, eliminate some answers, and convinced yourself that you cannot eliminate any other incorrect answers, you should guess and move on the next question • Use common sense. Look for context clues.

Final Conclusion It is your responsibility to prepare for the test. Studying the night before for a few hours will not do any justice. You have spent an entire year in this class to prepare you for this test. Don’t blow it! Seize the opportunity to earn college credit and demonstrate success.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY