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Peopling the Land

Peopling the Land. Topic 2.1. Creation Stories. There are two approaches to the question; How did humans populate the earth? Many cultures have creation stories or beliefs that suggest some sort of intelligent design, usually by a god(s) See story page 88 – The Origin of Man and the Animals

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Peopling the Land

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  1. Peopling the Land Topic 2.1

  2. Creation Stories There are two approaches to the question; How did humans populate the earth? • Many cultures have creation stories or beliefs that suggest some sort of intelligent design, usually by a god(s) See story page 88 – The Origin of Man and the Animals • Scientists approach the question using scientific data; humans first evolved in Africa 200 000 years ago and spread around the world

  3. How did humans get from Africa to the Americas? • One theory is people crossed on a land bridge – Beringia – that connected Siberia to Alaska. • This occurred 9000 to 50 000 years ago during the last ice age. • These people spread across the Americas and diversified into many culturally distinct groups.

  4. Old World vs. New World • Beringia disappeared beneath the sea and the Americas were isolated from the rest of the world • At the end of the 15th century there were two huge groups of people on two landmasses oblivious to the existence of each other. • Old World – parts of the world known only to Europeans, Asians and Africans • New World – the Americas and Oceania

  5. Population Distribution • At the end of the 15th century there were approx. 40-60 million people living in the Americas – New World • Most were in Mexico and Peru • Most people lived an agrarian (farming) lifestyle • There were a few large centers; Tenochtitlan –Aztec city (Mexico City) & Machu Picchu – Incan city (Peru) • In other areas people were hunter-gatherers

  6. Hunter-Gatherer Lifestyles • Hunter-gatherers need 10sq. Km to survive. As the population density increased they had to move around to find new resources. • Groups spread out in response to conflict b/w groups and changes in environmental conditions. • There was extensive trade between various groups • Trade allowed groups to share resources from their areas and to build alliances.

  7. Trading Items • Dried fish • Maize • Beans • Obsidian • Chert • Shells • Pottery • Knives and needles

  8. Meanwhile in the Old World in the 1500s • The population in Europe was 80-100 million • Most people lived in an agrarian and rural settings • At this time Europe experienced a population growth • As the demand for resources increased Europeans began to look outward – the New World – for resources.

  9. Assignment • Questions 1,2,3,4 page 113

  10. Who Was Here? Topic 2.2 Pages 114-119

  11. Who was in Newfoundland and Labrador? • The first human residents are believed to have arrived in 7000 BCE • Various groups migrated through the province over the next several 1000s of years • The first groups were AmerIndians and Paleo-Eskimos • Later groups were the Thule and the Norse

  12. AmerIndians • Descendants of the people who migrated across the Beringia land bridge • These groups include: Labrador Archaic, the Maritime Archiac, Intermediate Indians and Recent Indians • It is not known what happened to cause the disappearance of each of these groups.

  13. Paleo-Eskimos (“old Eskimo”) • Moved to northern Labrador 2100 BCE • These people are believed to have migrated from Greenland or the high Arctic • The first group are known as “Pre-Dorset” • Lived in sheltered inner harbours along the Labrador coast • This group declined c. 1500BCE • They were replaced by the “Groswater Paleo-Eskimo” c.800 BCE and lived here until 100BCE in Labrador and 100CE in Newfoundland

  14. Paleo-Eskimo c0nt…. • A new culture, the Dorset Paleo-Eskimo, arrived in Labrador from the north • Dorset sites are distributed along the entire coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador • By 1300CE the Dorset had disappeared from the province, no one knows why

  15. Thule • 600 years ago the Thule arrived in Labrador from northern Alaska, migrating across the Arctic and Greenland • They adapted their lifestyle to fit the Labrador environment and formed a distinct cultural group – Labrador Inuit

  16. Prehistoric Technologies • The early peoples of NL developed technologies to help them survive in their environment • Tools were made from available materials: stone, wood, animal products

  17. Activity Page 118-119 Question 3

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