1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

1. 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

2. 1.1 Big Geography • Big Geography—global nature of WORLD History • Out of Africa to Eurasia, Australia, Americas • http://www.dnalc.org/view/15892-Human-migrations-map-interactive-2D-animation.html • When? • http://www.bradshawfoundation. http://stryder.com/staid/migration_of_anatomically_modern_humans_bldg_blog_2008.jpgcom/journey/

4. 1.1.I. Developed Technology and Culture • Use of fire (first used 750,000 years ago) in new ways • Aid in hunting and gathering—slash and burn agriculture • Protect against predators • Adapt to colder environments

5. 1.1.I. Developed Technology and Culture B. Developed a wider range of tools adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra Europe—new tools--bow and arrow, spear thrower (as depicted in Lascaux; needles and multilayered clothing Australia—use of boats

6. 1.1.I. Developed Technology and Culture C. Economic structure—Small kinship groups who made what was needed • “The Original Affluent Society “ • Relatively Egalitarian • How do we know? • Modern hunter/gatherer societies • Why? • No surpluses • Women’s role was vital to survival

7. 1.1.I. Developed Technology and Culture • some groups exchanged PEOPLE, IDEAS, and GOODS • Patterns of 200 miles • Spread of Venus Figurines • Spread of religious ideas—Dreamtime in Australia • Spread of Clovis point technology • Austronesians migrated to Madagascar • Similar cyclical views of time

9. Cave Paintings • Most famous Lascaux

10. GobekliTepe • http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/musi-photography • Evidence that hunter-gatherers interacted for religion

11. Comparison: Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning the Paleolithic period? • a. It was the period when mankind settled all regions of the earth except Australia and the Americas. • b. It was a period when mankind adapted to live in every environmental niche from the frigid arctic, to rainforests, to mountains, to deserts. • c. It was a period of slow technological development. • d. It encompassed well over 90 percent of the time that human beings have inhabited the earth.

12. Answer • A

13. Change: When Paleolithic humans settled down into the first permanent settlements, • a. their continued reliance on a gatherer-hunter lifestyle meant that the settlement communities remained roughly the same size as before they settled down. • b. they maintained the same egalitarian social organizations that they possessed before they settled down. • c. they were able to accumulate and store more goods. • d. they no longer needed a clearly defined leader to direct their yearly migratory movements.

14. Answer • C

15. Comparison: Members of gatherer-hunter societies • a. typically have less leisure time than members of agricultural or industrial societies. • b. have been referred to as “the original affluent society” not because they had so much but because they wanted or needed so little. • c. typically have longer life spans than members of agricultural or industrial societies. • d. do not intentionally or unintentionally alter their environments.

16. Answer • B

17. Which of the following do you find the most attractive feature of Paleolithic society? • a. Egalitarian social structure • b. Relations between genders • c. Gathering and hunting lifestyle • d. Variety of lifestyles that one could partake in

18. Which of the following do you think would most improve our knowledge of Paleolithic man? • a. A more precise chronological sequence for the spread of mankind across the planet • b. A better understanding of their religious beliefs • c. If more hunter-gatherer societies existed today • d. A better understanding of the origins of our species