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History of Personality

History of Personality. From Ancient Typologies to Modern Controversies. Ancient India (5000 B.C). Ayurvedic medicine Three “doshas” - bio energies Kapha Pittha Vata Three states of mind Sattvic = pure, positive Rajasic = passionate, angry Tamasic = low, ignorant

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History of Personality

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  1. History of Personality From Ancient Typologies to Modern Controversies

  2. Ancient India (5000 B.C) • Ayurvedic medicine • Three “doshas” - bio energies Kapha Pittha Vata • Three states of mind • Sattvic = pure, positive • Rajasic = passionate, angry • Tamasic = low, ignorant • Treatment = achieving balance between “doshas” and “sattvic” state of mind

  3. Thales (624-550 B.C.) Water as ultimate reality Empedocles (490-435 B.C.) Four basic elements: Fire, Water, Air, & Earth Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.) Analogies between human character and elements Health = balance between the elements Ancient Greece (7th to 3rd Century B.C.)

  4. Ancient Greece (cont.) Plato (428-348 B.C.) Different kinds of souls Analogies between humans and animals Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) Analogies between humans and animals Plant, animal, human soul

  5. Galen (130-200 A.D.) - expanded on Hippocrates analogy between human character and elements Ancient Rome

  6. Medieval Views Influenced by ancient philosophy and Christian Religion Medicine - extension of Galens temperaments St. Thomas Aquinus Different “faculties” of the soul Focus on differences between humans and animals

  7. Choleric Melancholic Phlegmatic Sanguine

  8. Descartes (1596-1650) Method of Doubt Cogito ergo sum - I think, therefore I am Dualism, Mind-Body Problem Animal Analogies Kant (1724-1804) Dare to use your reason! A priori vs. a posteriori knowledge 16th – 17th Century Enlightenment

  9. Phrenology Analogies between skull shape and character traits Gall (1758-1828)

  10. Selection and “survival of the fittest” Humans and animals share evolutionary past Functionalism Comparative psychology Developmental psychology Darwin (1809-1882)

  11. Anthropometric measurement “Hereditary Genius” - measurement of intelligence Statistical contributions First psychological testing lab: Sensory processes relate to intelligence Galton (1822-1911)

  12. Physiological psychology Psychophysical parallelism One of the first experimental psychologists Wundt (1832-1920)

  13. Developed body typology Body shape corresponds to character traits endomorph mesomorph ectomorph pycnic athletic leptosome Kretschmer & Sheldon

  14. EndomorphPycnic abdomen relaxation food people Mesomorph Athletic muscles assertiveness action Ectomorph Leptosome brain privacy restraint awareness

  15. What are common topics across centuries? What are common topics across cultures? How does culture influence the way we think about personality? Why do we like personality types so much? Questions for Discussion

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