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Understanding Bone Classification in the Human Body

This educational session delves into the classification of bones, their characteristics, functions, and shapes. Students will learn about bone metabolism, structure, and the vital roles bones play in the body. Topics covered include long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones, and the different parts of long bones.

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Understanding Bone Classification in the Human Body

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  1. Anatomy-Skeletal System Classification of Bones

  2. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemBell Work • Grab your notes for the day on the front table • Grab your supply boxes & white boards • On your white boards, discuss in your groups how you think bones are classified and give examples

  3. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemObjectives • Students will be able to: • Define terms that are used to classify bones. • Identify the characteristics of bone. • Identify the function of bone. • Identify the classification of bones. • Label the parts of long bones.

  4. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemTerminology • Metabolism • Chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life • Bone marrow • Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones

  5. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Characteristics • Bone tissue is very active material that is continually being broken down and re-constructed • Responds to use and disuse • Physical activity places stress on the bone causing it to thicken & strengthen (hypertrophy) • Lack of physical activity causes bone to become thinner & weaker (atrophy)

  6. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Characteristics • Bone tissue is very active material • Produce blood cells & store minerals • Compact Bone-hard outer layer of bone (very strong) • Spongy (Cancellous) Bone-inside of the compact bone

  7. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Function • Support • Gives form and shape for body structures • Head, face, thorax, limbs • Supports softer underlying tissues • Supports weight of the body

  8. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Function • Protection • Skull protects eyes, ears, brain • Ribs protect heart, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys • Pelvic girdle protects internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder • Vertebral column protects spinal cord

  9. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Function • Movement • Bone serves as a point of attachment for muscles making movement possible • Bones & muscles function together as levers

  10. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Function • Supply • Stores minerals • Calcium (Ca) • Blood clot formation • Nerve function • Muscle function • Metabolic processes • Bone strength • Phosphorus (P) • Metabolic processes • Bone marrow makes blood cells

  11. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Shape • Long Bones • Longer than they are wide • Expanded ends • Humerus, radius, ulna • Femur, tibia, fibula • Metacarpals • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  12. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Shape • Short Bones • Cube shaped • Carpals • Tarsals

  13. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Shape • Flat Bones • Broad, thinner, plate like bones • Skull • Scapula • Ilium • Ribs • Sternum

  14. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Shape • Irregular Bones • Vary in shape & size • Vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx • Zygomatic • Mandible • Maxilla

  15. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Shape • Sesamoid Bones • Bone imbedded in a tendon • Protect tendon • Increase mechanical effect • Patella • 1st MT joint

  16. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones • Epiphysis • Expanded ends of long bones • Outer layer of compact bone • Internal bone made up of cancellous (spongy) bone • New cartilage made • Red marrow

  17. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones • Articular cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Covers epiphysis • Articulates with adjacent bone • Smooth & slippery • Milk glass • Cushion • Poor blood supply

  18. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones • Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate) • Layer of cartilage • Where cartilage turns to bone • Causes bone to grow in length

  19. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones • Diaphysis • Shaft of the bone • Compact bone surrounding a hollow cavity • Medullary Cavity • Yellow bone marrow • Fat

  20. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones • Periosteum • Tough, strong membrane that covers the bone • Does not cover the articular cartilage • Rich blood supply

  21. Anatomy-Skeletal SystemClassification of Bones-Long Bones Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphysis Spongy Bone Spongy Bone Articular Cartilage Medullary Cavity Compact Bone Epiphyseal Plate

  22. Closure • Grab a ½ sheet of paper and on your own… • Describe how the bone responds to use and disuse • list the 4 functions of bones • List the 5 categories for classifying bone and give 1 example of each • The hard outer layer of bone that is very strong is called_______ • The inside of the bone that fills the cavity is called______

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