STDs

1. STDs An Introduction to Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases In the United States more than 65 million people are currently living with an incurable sexually transmitted disease.

3. STDs Statistics • STDs are the most common infectious diseases in the United States. • More than 20 STDs have now been identified • They affect more than 13 million men and women in this country each year.

4. The annual Comprehensive Cost of STDs in the United States. In excess of $8,000,000,000. (8 billion dollars)

5. Who STDs Affect? • Men and women of all backgrounds and economic levels. • Most prevalent among teenagers and young adults. • Two thirds of all STDs occur in people younger than 25 years old

6. Serious Problems Caused by STDs • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy. (The later can be fatal.) • Cervical Cancer • STDs passed from mother to baby before and during birth. • Some of the infections of the newborn can be cured easily, but others may cause a baby to be permanently disabled or even die.

7. HPV (genital warts) Trichomoniasis Chlamydia Herpes (HSV-2) Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Syphilis Well Known STDs

8. CDC’s STD Incidence & Prevalence Report July,20 2002

9. Attention! You are about to be exposed to the truth. STDs are not pretty, so be prepared for grotesque pictures.

10. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Genital Warts

11. HPV (genital warts) • An estimated 75 percent of the reproductive-age population have been infected with sexually transmitted HPV. • When a person is infected with HPV it may take one to three months for warts to appear. • Some people who are infected never get warts.

12. Women In the vagina Around the vagina On the Cervix Around the anus Men On tip of penis Shaft of penis On the scrotum Around the anus Genital warts can also develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person. Where Can the Warts Grow?

13. What Does HPV Look Like? • Small pink or red growths in or around the sex organs. • Similar looking to cauliflower. • Found in groups of three or four. • Very tiny, difficult to see

14. HPV Treatments • There is no cure for the HPV virus. • Laser therapy will remove warts. • Surgery may be needed for larger growths.

15. Biopsy of cervical tissue Examinations of physical growths Examination of rectum Fluid sample Blood sample Pelvic exam Pap smear Tests Used to Detect HPV

16. If it Goes Untreated • Increased risk of cervical cancer • Increased risk of cancer of the penis

17. Trichomoniasis Most common STD in sexually active young women.

18. Trichomoniasis • The most common curable STD. • Caused by a small organism called Trichomoniasis vaginalis. • Women more than men are affected by the disease.

19. Male Irritation inside the penis Mild discharge Slight burning after urination or ejaculation Female Greenish-yellow, frothy vaginal discharge Strong odor Painful urination Discomfort during intercourse. Lower abdominal pain (rare) Signs and Symptoms

20. Tests and Treatment Tests • Pelvic Examination • Laboratory tests Treatments • Oral Antibiotic

21. If it Goes Untreated • Increased risk of acquiring HIV if exposed. • I pregnant women,Premature rupture of membranes that protect the baby, and preterm delivery.

22. Chlamydia In the sexually active 18-30s crowd, 50% are infected.

23. Chlamydia • Most common sexually transmitted disease in the USA. • The infection is easily spread because it often causes no symptoms. • 75 percent of women and 50 percent of men have no symptoms.

24. Women Vaginal discharge Strong foul odor Painful periods Abdominal pain with fever Pain when having sex Itching or burning in or around vagina Pain when urinating Men Small amounts of clear or cloudy discharge Painful urination Pain and swelling around testicles Signs and Symptoms

25. Tests and Treatments Tests • Cervical swab Treatments • Oral antibiotics

26. If it Goes Untreated • Pelvic Inflammatory disease • Infertility • Risk of ectopic pregnancy • Damage of fallopian tubes • Premature births • Infection passed from mother to child, causing an eye infection of pneumonia in the newborn.

27. Herpes (HSV-2) Genital Herpes is most common in young white teens.

28. Herpes (HSV-2) • A highly contagious infection • Spread during intercourse, oral, or anal sex through open sores • Also can be spread to a newborn at birth if the mother has an active infection.

29. How Common is Herpes? • More than one in five Americans- 50 million people- are infected with genital herpes. • Yet, At least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it.

30. What Causes Herpes? • The infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus-2 • Herpes simplex virus-1 is responsible for cold sores.

31. Inflamed genitalia Skin may burn, itch or be painful Blister like sores appear on genitalia Sores open, scab over than heal This may also be accompanied by: Swollen glands Fever Headache Burning when passing urine Muscle aches Signs and Symptoms

32. What Triggers an Outbreak? • Stress • Illness • Surgery • Vigorous sex • Diet • Monthly period

33. Treatment • There is no cure. • Antivirus medication can help heal sores faster. • Antiviral medication can help suppress outbreaks.

34. How to Protect Yourself. • Do not have sex with someone who has an open sore. • Always use latex condoms during sex. • Use a spermicide that contains nonoxynol-9. • Limit your number of sex partners.

35. Gonorrhea The highest rates of infections are found in 15-19 year-old women and 20-24 year-old men.

36. Gonorrhea • Also called “The Clap” or “The Drip”. • Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that can grow and multiply easily in mucus membranes.

37. Where Does Gonorrhea Grow? • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian tubes • Urethra • Mouth • Throat • Anus • Eyes

38. Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from vagina Lower abdominal or pelvic pain Burning when urinating Conjunctivitis Bleeding between periods Spotting after intercourse Swelling of the vulva(vulvitis) Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) Swollen glands(due to oral sex) Symptoms in Women

39. Symptoms in Men • Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis • Burning when urinating • Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) • Swollen glands (due to oral sex

40. Tests Fluid sample from the urethra (in men) Fluid sample form cervix (in women) Throat cultures Anal cultures Treatment There is a cure for Gonorrhea. Oral or injected antibiotic Tests and Treatment

41. In Women Damage fallopian tubes Can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Infertility Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy In Men Epididymitis, which can cause infertility Prostate damage Scaring of the urethra What Happens When it Goes Untreated?

42. Hepatitis B (Hep B) Cost associated with sexually transmitted hepatitis B in the United States totaled $200 million in 2000.

43. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis B is a virus caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). • Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV. • 40% of those infected do not know how they acquired the infection.

44. Affects of the Hepatitis B Virus • Scarring of the liver • Liver failure • Liver cancer • Death

45. How Hepatitis B is Spread • Infected blood • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Saliva • Open sores • Breast milk

46. Hep B, Limited Infection • In most cases Hep B causes limited infection. (90% - 95%) • Most people fight off the infection successfully within a few months, developing an immunity that lasts a lifetime. • Blood tests will show evidence of this immunity, but no signs of active infection.

47. Hep B Carriers • If you are infected with Hep B for more than 6 months, you are considered a carrier. Even if you have no symptoms. • In a small percentage of carriers the infection eventually goes away for unknown reasons.

48. Chronic Hep B • Some carriers go on to develop chronic Hep B. • Chronic Hep B is an ongoing infection of the liver that can lead to cirrhosis. • Cirrhosis, or hardening of the liver, causes liver tissue to scar and stop working. • 5%- 10% of people with the Hepatitis B infection go on to develop chronic infection.

49. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes and/or a brownish or orange tint to the urine. Unusually light colored stool Unexplained fatigue that persists for weeks or moths Flu-like symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Abdominal pain Signs and Symptoms

50. Tests • Complete physical exam • Blood tests If The Disease Becomes Chronic • Liver biopsies (to detect the severity of the disease.