Egypt – vs - Mesopotamia

1. Egypt –vs- Mesopotamia Using a circle graph, compare the Mesopotamia civilization to Egyptian. Try to have ten in each segment. See example on the board

2. Chapter 2 / Section 3 The Egyptian Empire

3. The Middle Kingdoms (pgs. 59-67) • About 2300 B.C., pharaohs lost control of Egypt due to nobles fighting over power. • Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs came to power and moved the capital south, from Memphis to Thebes (theebz). • This began the Middle Kingdom which lasted from about 2050 B.C. to 1670 B.C. and was a time of stability, prosperity, and achievement.

4. Drive For More Land • Egypt took control of other lands. - captured Nubia to the south - attacked what is now Syria • Forced conquered people to send tribute, forced payments. • Pharaohs added: - more waterways and dams - increased amount of farmed land - built canal between Nile River and Red Sea

5. The Arts Blossom • During the Middle Kingdom, arts, literature, and architecture thrived. - painting - sculpting - poetry - song • A new form of architecture emerged. Instead of building pyramids, pharaohs had their tombs cut into cliffs – Valley of the Kings

6. End of Middle Kingdom • The Middle Kingdom came to an end in 1670 B.C. when the Hyksos (hihk*sahs), from western Asia, conquered Egypt. • Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 150 years.

7. The New Kingdom (pgs. 61-62) • Around 1550 B.C., an Egyptian prince named Ahmose (ahm*ohs) drove Hyksos out of Egypt. • Ahmose’s reign began the period known as the New Kingdom, 1550 B.C. to about 1080 B.C. • During the New Kingdom, Egypt was at the height of its glory and grew richer and more powerful.

8. A Woman Ruler • About 1473 B.C., a queen named Hatshepsut (hat*SHEHP*soot) came to power in Egypt. • First woman to rule Egypt. • Hatshepsut was more interested in trade than conquest. Trade journeys brought great wealth to Egypt. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9jmZiy_T-c&feature=related

9. Thutmose III • Thutmose III (thoot*moh*suh) became pharaoh after Hatshepsut’s death. • Under Thutmose’s reign: * aggressive wars of conquest * empire grew rich from trade and tribute *enslaved many prisoners of war

10. The Legacies of Two Pharaohs (pgs. 64 & 65) • About 1370 B.C., Amenhotep IV (ah*muhn*hoh*tehp) came to the throne. • Helped by his wife, Nefertiti (nehf*uhr*teet*ee). • Amenhotep thought priests had too much power so introduced new monotheistic (belief in one god) religion – Aton (ah*tuhn) • Most Egyptians refused to accept new religion. • Changed his name to Akhenaton (ahk*nah*tuhn). • Akhenaton neglected his duties as pharaoh and Egypt’s empire greatly diminished.

11. The Boy King • Tutankhamen (too*tang*kah*muhn), better known as King Tut, inherited the throne when Akhenaton died. • The new pharaoh was only about 9 years old and only ruled for 9 years before dying unexpectedly (suffered a fall or murdered?). • Became most famous of all pharaohs after a British archaeologist found his tomb in 1922. • The tomb had not been looted or robbed and contained incredible treasures, including a brilliant gold mask of the young pharaoh’s face.

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3F4dEEQOzE&feature=related

13. The End of the New Kingdom (pgs. 65-67) • Ramses II (ram*seez) was one of the most effective pharaohs of the New Kingdom. • He reigned for 66 years, from 1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C. • Under Ramses II, Egyptians regained lands in western Asia and many temples were built. • The most magnificent was Karnak at Thebes.

14. Egypt’s Decline and Fall • After Ramses II, Egypt’s power began to decline. • By 1150 B.C., the Egyptians had lost their empire and controlled only the Nile delta. • Beginning in the 900s B.C., Egypt was ruled by: - Libyans - Kush (760 B.C.) - Assyrians (670 B.C.)