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NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond

NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond. Jorge G. Morfín Fermilab NuFact’02 London, July 2002. “Near” Detectors. Basically could be two types of “near” detectors at neutrino oscillation facilities.

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NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond

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  1. NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond Jorge G. Morfín Fermilab NuFact’02 London, July 2002

  2. “Near” Detectors • Basically could be two types of “near” detectors at neutrino oscillation facilities. • The most basic is as close to an exact replica of the “far” detector as possible to reduce systematics when comparing neutrino beam characteristics far-to-near. • Since this type of near detector must reproduce the properties of a mammoth far detector, it’s capabilities to do other types of important physics as well as, possibly, detailed examination of the neutrino beam are compromised. • The second type of “near” detector comes with a physics program of its own. • It can, among many other things, help reduce the systematics errors of an oscillation experiment. • It has the power to better unravel the components of the neutrino beam used in oscillation experiments. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  3. Det. 2 Det. 1 MINOS Detectors Far Detector: 5400 tons Near Detector: 980 tons Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  4. Det. 2 Det. 1 MINOS Detectors Far Detector: 5400 tons Near Detector: 980 tons Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  5. Fermilab On-site Beam and Near Detector Hall • Target-Horn Chase: 2 parabolic horns. 50 m • Decay Region: 1m radius decay pipe. 675 m • Hadron Absorber: Steel with Al core 5 m • Muon range-out: dolomite (rock). 240 m • Near Detector Hall 45 m Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  6. MINOS Near Detector • Near Detector Hall: Length - 45m, Height - 9.6m, Width - 9.5m • Primary objective is to determine the characteristics (e.g. the nm energy spectrum) and composition of the neutrino beam leaving the Fermilab site before oscillations occur. • These characteristics are then compared with what is found at the Far Detector to measure oscillation parameters. • Beam, detector and experimental environment should be as similar as possible near/far: • Similarities • Nature & thickness of absorber plates • Nature & granularity of active detector • Strength of magnetic field • Differences • Neutrino Energy Spectra - non-point n source for near detector. • Neutrino Flux is significantly higher at the near detector. • Electronics Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  7. The Near Detector • Steel & scintillator tracking calorimeter • 282 “squashed octagon” (3.8 x 4.8m) planes of steel - l = 16.6m M = 0.98 kton • 153 planes of scintillator • Sampling every 2.54 cm • 4cm wide strips of scintillator • 55%/E for hadrons (Caldet: not yet) • 23%/E for electrons (Caldet: yes) • Forward section: 120 planes • 4/5 partially instrumented • 1/5 planes: full area coverage • Spectrometer section:162 planes • 4/5 planes not instrumented • 1/5 planes: full area coverage Beam Center Coil Hole Instrumented Region Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  8. MINOS Active Detector Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  9. Near Detector: Main Sections (Muon) Spectrometer Section Veto Section Target Section Hadron Shower Section 20 Planes 40 Planes 60 Planes 160 Planes Forward Section Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  10. Expected Granularity: Hadronic Events in MINOS (Caldet Data) Sample Pion Events Sample Proton Events 3.5 GeV 2 GeV 1 GeV Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  11. New NuMI Near Detector Beyond MINOS What could/should be assembled? The second type of Near Detector Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  12. Neutrino Event Energy Distributions and Statistics • Reasonably expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running. • le-configuration: Events- Epeak = 3.0 GeV, <En> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 200 K events/ton - year. • me-configuration: Events- Epeak = 7.0 GeV, <En> = 8.5 GeV, rate = 675 K events/ton - year pme rate = 540 K events/ton - year. • he-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0 GeV, <En> = 13.5 GeV, rate = 1575 K events/ton - year phe rate = 1210 K events/ton - year. With E-907 at Fermilab to measure particle spectra from the NuMI target, expect to know neutrino flux to ±5%. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  13. n-Scattering Physics Topics with NuMI Beam Energies and Statistics • Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. • Resonance production region (very poorly studied up to now). • The intriguing region where resonance production joins deeply inelastic scattering. • Parton distribution functions (pdf), particularly in the high-xBj region. • Leading exponential contributions of pQCD. • sin2qW via the ratio of NC / CC as well as ds/dy from n-e scattering (check the recent surprising NuTeV result). • Charm physics including the mass of the charm quark mc (improved accuracy by an order of magnitude, Vcd, s(x) and, independently, s(x.). • Nuclear effects involving neutrinos. In particular are nuclear effects the same for valence and sea quarks. • Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization. • Spin of the strange quark through n elastic scattering. Far more accurate with many fewer assumptions than charged lepton results for Ds. • Nuclear physics studies with neutrinos (complementary to JLab studies in the same kinematic range). Argonne Theory Institute at the end of July solely on this topic. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  14. NuMI Near Hall: Dimensions & Geometry Length: 45m - Height: 9.6m - Width: 9.5m Length Available for New Detector:26 m Incoming angle: n beam: 58 mr. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  15. NuMI Beam Interacts Off-Module-Center Wonderful - inviting - spot for a new detector which could use MINOS near detector as a muon ID/spectrometer! Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  16. A First Significant Step... Scintillator Strips MINOS Near Planes of C, Fe, Pb Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  17. Detector: Conceptual Design • 2m x 2 cm x 2cm scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout. • Fiducial volume: r = .8m L = 1.5: 3 tons of scintillator • Downstream half: pure scintillator • Upstream half: scintillator plus 2 cm thick planes of C, Fe and W. • 11 planes C = 1.0 ton (+Scintillator) • 3 planes Fe = .95 ton (+MINOS) • 2 planes Pb = .90 ton • Readout: combination of VLPC and multi-anode PMT. • Use MINOS near detector as muon identifier / spectrometer. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  18. Example of Event Profiles in Scintillator DetectorDavid Potterveld - ANL CC: En = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37 CC: En = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94 “Elastic”: En = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08 NC: En = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46 Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  19. Scintillator/Fiber R&D at Fermilab • Scintillation detector work at Fermilab • EM and hadronic calorimetry • Shower max detectors • Pre-shower detectors • Photon vetos • Fiber tracker • Muon tracking/hodoscopes • General purpose trigger hodoscopes • Time-of-Flight Scintillator Cost < $ 5 / kg Polymer Dopant Continuing development of D0 VLPC readout with $750K grant. Produced D0-type arrays for detailed device analysis at low cost compared to D0 Goal: Demonstrate cost reduction at X10 • 1 cm transverse segmentation. 1 cm base triangles – • yields about 1 mm position resolution for mips • From D0 pre-shower test data Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  20. MINOS Parasitic Running: Event Energy Distribution • MINOS oscillation experiment uses mainly le beam with shorter pme and phe runs for control and minimization of systematics. • An example of a running cycle would be: • 12 months le beam • 3 months pme beam • 1 month phe beam • Assuming 2 such cycles (3 year run) with 2.5x1020 protons/year: 860 K events/ton. <En> = 10.5 GeV • DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.36 M events / ton. • Quasi elastic: 0.14 M events / ton. • Resonance + “Transition”: 0.36 M events / ton Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  21. Examples: Expected Statistical Errors-MINOS Parasitic Ratio Fe/C: Statistical Errors xBjMINOS2-cycle .01 - .02 1.3 % .02 - .03 1.0 .03 - .04 0.9 .04 - .05 0.8 .05 - .06 0.8 .06 - .07 0.7 Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  22. Prime User: he Event Energy Distribution • Run he beam configuration only! <En> = 13.5 GeV • For example, 1 year neutrino plus 2 years anti-neutrino would yield: 1.6 M n - events/ton0.9 M n - events/ton • DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.85 M n events / ton 0.35 M n events / ton • Shadowing region (x < 0.1): 0.3 M events/ton Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  23. Add a Liquid H2/D2Target Additional Tracking Solid Scintillator H_2/D_2 MINOS Near Additional Tracking Fiducial volume: r = 80 cm. and l = 150 cm. 350 K CC events LH2 ; 800 K CC events in LD2 per year he-n running. Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  24. Examples: Expected Statistical Errors - he Running Ratios (he, 1 year n, DIS): Statistical Errors xBjFe/ LD2Fe/C .01 - .02 11% 9 % .02 - .03 6 5 .03 - .04 4 3 .04 - .05 3 2 .05 - .06 2 1.7 .06 - .07 1.7 1.4 High xBj (he, 1 year, DIS): Statistical Errors xBjCHLH2LD2 .60 - .65 0.6 % 2 % 1.4 % .65 - .70 0.7 3 1.7 .70 - .75 1.0 4 2 .75 - .80 1.3 5 3 .80 - .85 2 7 5 .85 - .90 3 11 7 .90 - .95 5 17 11 .95 - 1.0 7 25 16 Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  25. Detector: Event Rates Event rates (2.5 x 1020 protons per year) Parasitic Running Prime User Prime User (3 years) (1 year, he-n) (2 year, he -n) CH 2.60 M 4.80 M 2.70 M C 0.85 M 1.60 M 0.90 M Fe 0.80 M 1.55 M 0.85 M Pb 0.75 M 1.45 M 0.80 M LH2 0.35 M 0.20 M LD2 0.80 M 0.45 M Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  26. The Ultimate NuMI Neutrino Scattering FacilityNickolas Solomey Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator) Magnet Muon ID Steel + Scint TOF Electromagnetic Calorimeter Additional Scintillator Tracking MINOS Near H_2/D_2 Scintillator Strips Electromagnetic Calorimeter Additional Scintillator Tracking Electromagnetic Calorimeter Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator) Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

  27. Summary • Current NuMI/MINOS near detector designed to mimic far detector as closely as possible. There is a second type of near detector! • NuMI Beam is Intense: • yielding≈ 860 K events/ton during MINOS run* • yielding ≈ 1.6 M events/ton-year in the he-mode. • NuMI Near Hall: • space for new detector(s) with w(x) ≤ 6 m, h(y) ≤ 4 m,(sum) L ≈ 25 m. • NuMI Near Hall Physics: can do much of this parasitically, need 3 years (n & n ) he for full potential • cross section measurements - for own sake, oscillation systematics • spin of strange quark • strange particle production • nuclear effects • PDFs particularly high-x, study of leading exponentials of pQCD • (much improved measurement of ne component of beam) • NuMI Near Hall Detector studies underway: • “solid scintillator” + planes of A: 3 - 5 ton fiducial volume - cost O($3M) • liquid H2 / D2 (bubble chamber): large target technically feasible - safety requirements….? Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002

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