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Norwegian presentation at the in-session workshop at AWG 2

Norwegian presentation at the in-session workshop at AWG 2. Harald Dovland Ministry of the Environment. Content. Long-term goal Effect on emissions of existing policy instruments Results a Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions. Important input for defining long-term goal.

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Norwegian presentation at the in-session workshop at AWG 2

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  1. Norwegian presentation at the in-session workshop at AWG 2 Harald Dovland Ministry of the Environment

  2. Content • Long-term goal • Effect on emissions of existing policy instruments • Results a Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions

  3. Important input for defining long-term goal • IPCC’s third assessment report (TAR) • Report from the Exeter Conference “Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change” (1-3 February 2005)

  4. How to formulate a long term objective? • Concentration of GHG in the atmosphere? • Global Emissions of GHG? • Temperature increase? • Sea level rise? • ……. • The Norwegian Government has chosen to use global temperature increase. A main reason is that this objective is relatively easy to communicate.

  5. Long term goal – “aspirational goal” • The global mean temperature should not increase more than 2 degrees C above pre-industrial level. • BUT: • This goal is not completely “safe” – it does not prevent negative effects • It is a goal that will require significant reductions in GHG emissions in coming decades, thus being difficult to fulfil

  6. Long term goal (continued) • Jim Hansen et al quoted in New Scientist 30 September 2006: “Further global warming of 1ºCdefines a critical threshold. Beyond that we will likely see changes that make Earth a different planet than the one we know.” • Ref: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 103, p14288

  7. Effect of policy instruments on Norwegian GHG emissions in 2005 (55 Mt) compared to 1990 (50 Mt)

  8. MtCO2-eq. per year Electricity production Oil and gas activities Process industry Transportation Heating Agriculture, waste Greenhouse gas emissions in the past and in the Commission’s reference path, 1990–2050

  9. MtCO2-eq. per year Reference path -CO2 capture and storage from gas- or coal fired power plants, new renewable energy -Electrification of offshore activities -CO2 capture and storage from industry, process improvements -Biofuels, low- and zero-emission vehicles and ships -Improved energy efficiency and biomass -Methane capture Low-emission path Greenhouse gas emissions in the past, in the reference path, and in the proposed low-emission path 1990–2050

  10. Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions • Transportation • Phasing in of low- and zero-emission vehicles, such as hybrid cars, light diesel cars, electric cars, and fuel-cell cars. • Phasing in of CO2-neutral fuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen. • Reduction of transportation demands through improved logistics and urban planning. • Development and phasing in of low-emission ships.

  11. Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions • Electricity production • Expansion of “new renewable” energy through construction of wind and small hydro-electric power stations. • Implementation of carbon capture and storage from gas-fired and coal-fired power plants. • Upgrading and improved efficiency of the electricity grid to reduce loss in the grid and give smaller power plants better access.

  12. Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions • Process industry • Implementation of carbon capture and storage from industries with large pulse emissions. • Implementation of process improvements in energy-intensive industries. • Oil and gas activities • Electrification of the continental shelf and more facilities located on land.

  13. Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions • How much will the general solution cost? • The Commission’s calculations show that the national costs need not be exorbitant, given that the measures are implemented when the need for renovation arises and as long as climate-friendly solutions are chosen systematically in new investments.

  14. Norwegian Commission on Low Emissions • Basic measures • Implementation of long-term national investment in climate information – a long-lasting climate awareness campaign. Dissemination of accurate and relevant facts about the climate problem and what can be done. • Investment in the development of climate-friendly technologies through long-term and stable support for the Commission’s technology package. This technology package emphasizes technologies for carbon capture and storage, wind power (especially at sea), pellet and clean-burning woodstoves and fireplaces, biofuels, solar cells, hydrogen technologies, heat pumps, and low-emission ships

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