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Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in countries with advanced roadmaps :

Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in countries with advanced roadmaps : The case of Thailand. Ms.Mingquan Wichayarangsaridh Director of Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment mingquan.b@pcd.go.th.

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Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in countries with advanced roadmaps :

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  1. Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in countries with advanced roadmaps : The case of Thailand Ms.Mingquan Wichayarangsaridh Director of Air Quality and Noise Management BureauPollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment mingquan.b@pcd.go.th

  2. Current State and Trends of the Air Quality TSP Annual Standard 50 ug/m3 PM10 Annual Standard 0.1 mg/m3 100 12 Roadside PM10 Visibility 10 80 ) 8 3 60 g/m Visibility (km) 6 Visibility 40 4 PM-10 ( Ambient PM10 20 2 Roadside PM10 Ambient PM10 Visibility 0 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

  3. Current State and Trends of the Air Quality O3 CO NO2 SO2

  4. Fuel Consumption & New Vehicle Registered in BKK

  5. Fuel Consumption in Thailand Diesel Gasoline Regional Regional BKK BKK Gasohol Biodiesel Regional Regional BKK BKK

  6. Elements of a ComprehensiveVehicle Pollution Control Strategy Better Air Quality Clean Vehicle Technologies Low Emissions Clean Fuels Transport & Land use Planning Appropriate Maintenance

  7. Motivation For Fuel Quality Improvement Improvedfuel qualities Reducedemissions Improvedair quality Environmental benefits • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Hydrocarbons (HC) • Nitrogen oxides (NOX) • Particulate matter (PM) • Sulfur (SO2) • Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) • Greenhouse Gases • Air Toxic • Improved human health • Reduced corrosion • Improved crop yield • Less acidification, eutrophication and forest damage • Climate Change • Gasoline • Diesel

  8. Clean Fuels • Gasoline Reformulation • Lead Content • Oxygen Content • Benzene and Aromatic Contents • Sulfur Content • Diesel Reformulation • 90% Volume Distilled Temperature • Sulfur Content

  9. Gasoline Reformulation Lead & Oxygen

  10. Blood Pb Levels in Traffic Policemen in Bangkok during 1995 - 2000 Completely Phase-out Leaded Gasoline at the end of 1995 Pb No Data Blood Pb Levels in School Children in Bangkok during 1993 and 2000 Percentage of School Children with Blood Pb Levels > 10 mg/dl

  11. Gasoline Reformulation Aromatic Benzene Gasoline Gasoline Gasohol Gasohol Sulfur EURO 4 2010 : propose

  12. Diesel Reformulation Sulfur Reduction EURO 3 EURO 4

  13. “Sulfur”is the next“Lead “ !!!

  14. Sulfur in Fuels Required by Euro Emission Standards Low Sulfur Levels Are Key To Tighter New Vehicle Standards

  15. Vehicle Emission (and fuel standards) in Asia a Entire country b Delhi and other cities; Euro 2 introduced in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai in 2001; Euro 2 in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Khampur, Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003, Euro 3 to be introduced in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005 C Beijing and Shanghai d Gasoline vehicles under consideration e for gasoline vehicles f for diesel vehicles

  16. Gasoline Sulphur Level Trend:Current and Expected

  17. Diesel Fuel Specifications Around The World

  18. Alternative Fuel

  19. Biodiesel Roadmap B100, B20reduce PM for 55% and18%(National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA) Goal: B10 in 2012 (8.5 ML/day) Export Palm Plantation 10 M-Rai, R&D Palm and Others 05 11 12 06 07 08 09 10 Biodiesel 0.002 0.86 2.25 0.15 0.5 0.5 4.93 9 ML/d Community Based: Agriculture Phase II: NE, North, Central Phase I: BMR, South Phase III: over country

  20. Road Map of NGV Present Status (May 14,06) • Total Number of NGV in Thailand 12,209 vehicles • Gasoline vehicle 11,070 vehicles • Diesel vehicle 1,136 vehicles • OEM NGV 3 vehicles 2. NGV Refueling Station 62 stations 3. Domestic sales 7.05 MMSCFD

  21. Target year 2008 Gasoline replacement 10% Vehicle 139,000 vehicles Diesel replacement 13% Vehicle 161,000 vehicles NGV refueling station 420 station Target year 2010 Gasoline replacement 16% Vehicle 219,000 vehicles Diesel replacement 23% Vehicle 281,500 vehicles NGV refueling station 740 station Target

  22. Within Year 2006, the CNG refueling station will be 160 stations following the highway road whole of Thailand. 2006 2010

  23. Target of increasing CNG refueling station

  24. Gasohol Fuel Road Map • In year 2006, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) in gasoline octane 95 will be replaced by ethanol 1,000,000 L/day. • In year 2011; ethanol should be used 3,000,000 L/day. • MTBE in gasoline octane 95 will be ban and replacement by ethanol 10 percent by volume. • Gasoline octane 91 will mix with ethanol 10 percentby volume.

  25. Gasohol Policy and Planning 04 08 09 10 11 05 06 07 Phase I MTBE replacement Phase II Gasohol Mandate Ethanol used 1,000,000 L/day Ethanol used 3,000,000 L/day

  26. Challenges Ahead • Improving air quality management VS Fuel Reformulation • Local, national and international cooperation ; more involvement from relating organisations is needed • From stretegy to real-world implementation • Strategies need to be accompanied by sustainable incentive packages • Action taken to tackle air pollution could also compensate benefits to all sections

  27. Thank you for your Attention

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