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KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. A characteristic common to all living things is that they require Energy. An organism needs E for:. A cell needs E for:. What does the cell need energy for? To move To reproduce To actively transport materials across the cell membrane

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KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

  2. A characteristic common to all living things is that they require Energy An organism needs E for: A cell needs E for:

  3. What does the cell need energy for? • To move • To reproduce • To actively transport materials across the cell membrane (Ex. Endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium-potassium pumps) • To carry out chemical reactions

  4. Organisms are classified by how they obtain Energy AUTOTROPHS – MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD HETEROTROPHS – GET FOOD BY EATING OTHER ORGANISMS

  5. Photoautotroph • Organism that converts light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules CyanoBacteriaProtists (Algae) Plants

  6. Chemoautotrophs Organisms that make food by using E from the breakdown of chemicals that escape out of deep ocean vents where there is no light

  7. Heterotrophs –Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy and carbon compounds • Animals • Fungus • Some Protists • Most Bacteria ANIMALS

  8. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

  9. Where does this E come from? PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELL RESPIRATION

  10. In photosynthesis, sunlight E is transformed into chemical E stored in food molecules Starch Glucose

  11. In cell respiration, the chemical E stored in food molecules is released in a form the cells can use.

  12. What happens to the E released from food in cellular respiration? It is used to make high energy molecules called ATP

  13. What is ATP? ATP stands for the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate

  14. ATP is a high energy containing molecule used by all cells to do the work of life. • Sodium-Potassium Pump • Muscle contraction

  15. adenosine triphosphate adenosine diphosphate ATP – ADP ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate

  16. phosphate removed The ATP – ADP cycle ATP –High energy molecule ADP –Low energy molecule

  17. Removing a Phosphate - Release Energy “use the battery” ATP Energy + P + ADP Adding a Phosphate – Stores Energy “recharge battery” ADP + Energy + P ATP ATP = Fully charged battery ADP = Used up battery

  18. ATP to ADP Recharging your body’s batteries

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