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STRESS

Explore the theory of lexical and post-lexical levels of stress and accent, emphasizing factors that contribute to prominence in speech production and perception.

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STRESS

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  1. STRESS NATURE LEXICAL & POST-LEXICAL LEVEL

  2. THEORY OF PROMINENCEFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS • IMPORTANT NOTIONS: STRESS - ACCENT • PROMINENCE:Give more emphasis to some parts of an utterance. • A Syllable is singled out within a word or stands out with respect to its neighbouring syllables in a word. • A word is singled out within an utterance or stands with respect to the rest of the words.

  3. PROMINENCE: FACTORS • PITCH CONTRAST • LOUDNESS • LENGTH • QUALITY • FOCUS ON: • PRODUCTION – ARTICULATORY PHONETICS • RECEPTION STAGES- AUDITORY PHONETICS

  4. PROMINENCE- FACTORS • PITCH: VOCAL FOLDS- • ARTICULATORILY: TENSION- RATE OF VIBRATION • AUDITORILY: HIGH - LOW • LOUDNESS:MUSCULAR ENERGY & BREATH FORCE • AUDITORILY: LOUD- SOFT • LENGTH: AUDITORILY: LONG - SHORT • QUALITY: • ARTICULATORILY: SHAPE OF CAVITIES OR RESONATORS- • AUDITORILY: TWO SOUNDS SAME PITCH-LOUDNESS – LENGTH ARE PERCEIVED AS DIFFERENT- STRONG -WEAK

  5. PROMINENCE-FACTORSCORRELATES • PITCH HIGH LOW • LOUDNESS LOUD SOFT • LENGTH LONG SHORT • QUALITY STRONG WEAK • NOT PLAY EQUALLY IMPORTANT PART- • NOT PRESENT ALL TOGETHER • PITCH CONTRAST IS ALWAYS PRESENT

  6. LEXICAL – POST LEXICAL LEVEL STRESS – ACCENT Phonological Notions word utterance decontextualized contextualized lexical abstraction concrete realization anaylitcal phenomena observable ph. potential for accent exponent of stress

  7. DEGRESS OF STRESS • LEVELS OF STRESS • PRIMARY STRESS • SECONDARY STRESS • PROMINENT SYLLABLE • NON-PROMINENT SYLLABLE OR UNSTRESSED • Dictionaries / Mental lexicon • Phonemic pattern : pattern of sounds • Stress pattern: pattern of prominences

  8. WORD STRESS NOTATION • DIFFERENT NOTATION SYSTEMS • PRIMARY STRESS : • Capitalised • Underlined Three most common: a- tonetic-stress marking system b- interlinear notation c- tadpole- simplification of interlinear

  9. STRESS SHIFT • PRIMARY STRESS SYLLABLE : • Pitch contrast initiatior • Secondary stress syllable: can take the role of the primary syllable • Factors: rhythmic pressure of the context- redistribution of stresses • ENGLISH: SIMPLE & COMPOUND WORDS • Double stress pattern • Attributive function: primary stress – lost • Predicative function: secondary stress – lost-

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