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Blood Typing

Blood Typing. (1) Antigens & Antibodies. Membranes of RBC’s contain unique I.D. Tags (Antigens) Antigens are membrane proteins Unique antigens bind with Unique antibodies Antibody: Protein produced to bind with foreign cells to stimulate immune response of lymphocytes. (2) Agglutination.

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Blood Typing

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  1. Blood Typing

  2. (1) Antigens & Antibodies • Membranes of RBC’s contain unique I.D. Tags(Antigens) • Antigens are membrane proteins • Unique antigens bind with Unique antibodies • Antibody: Protein produced to bind with foreign cells to stimulate immune response of lymphocytes.

  3. (2) Agglutination • Agglutination = Binding of antigens with antibodies. • Causes a clumping of factors. • Looks like a thickening of blood. • When blood-cell antigens bind with their matching antibodies….. AGGLUTINATION!

  4. (3) Blood Groups • Type A: • RBC’s have A antigens only. • Can receive from A and O types. • Can donate to A and AB types. • Type B: • RBC’s have B antigens only. • Can receive from B and O types. • Can donate to B and AB types. • Type AB: (Universal Recipient) • RBC’s have both A and B antigens. • Cen receive from A, B, AB, and O types. • Can donate to AB type only. • Type O: (Universal Donor) • RBC’s have NO antigens. • Can receive from O type only. • Can donate to A, B, AB and O types.

  5. (4) Why don’t your RBC’s produce the SAME type of antibodies? • Your blood would start agglutinating. • You produce “opposite” antibodies to recognize blood that shouldn’t be in your body!

  6. (5) Blood Typing • Purpose: • Check blood for organ/blood donations • Test both recipient + donor • Procedure: • Mix blood with “Immune Serums” • “Immune Serum” = Liquid w/Antibodies • No Agglutination = Does NOT have those antigens • Agglutination = Those antigens present

  7. (6) Blood Typing Example #1 • You mix some of Angelica’s blood with the following serums: • Anti-A serum • Anti-B serum • Angelica’s blood looks clumpy when mixed with Anti-A serum, but not Anti-B. • This means her RBC’s contain a-antigens only. • Angelica is Blood Type A

  8. (7) Blood Typing Example #2 • You mix some of Michael’s blood with the following serums: • Anti-A serum • Anti-B serum • Michael’s blood does not look clumpy with either Anti-A or Anti-B serums. • His RBC’s do not have A-antigens OR B-antigens. • Michael has Blood Type O

  9. (8) RhD Antigens • Makes the Blood Type “Positive” or “Negative” • Agglutination with RhD Serum = Positive • No Agglutination with RhD Serum = Negative

  10. (9) Blood Typing Example #3 • You mix some of Katelyn’s blood with the following serums: • Anti-A serum • Anti-B serum • RhD serum • Katelyn’s blood looks clumpy with Anti-B serum and RhD serum. • Her blood contains B and RhD antigens. • Katelyn’s blood type is B-Positive

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