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Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis. http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/sw/2002/psidelsk/Microlinks.htm. Outline. Bordetella Pertussis microbiology Whooping Cough/Pertussis Vaccine Current problems with B. pertussis. Bordetella pertussis Basics. Aerobic, Gram negative coccobacillus Specific to Humans

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Bordetella pertussis

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  1. Bordetella pertussis http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/sw/2002/psidelsk/Microlinks.htm

  2. Outline • Bordetella Pertussis microbiology • Whooping Cough/Pertussis • Vaccine • Current problems with B. pertussis

  3. Bordetellapertussis Basics • Aerobic, Gram negative coccobacillus • Specific to Humans • Colonizes the respiratory tract • Whooping Cough (Pertussis) http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC420/lecture_notes/bordetella_pertussis/ gram_pertussis.html

  4. Transmission • Very Contagious • Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/history/2000/12december.htm http://www.universityscience.ie/imgs/scientists/whoopingcough.gif

  5. Virulence Steele, R.W. Pertussis: Is Eradication Achievable. Pediatric Annals. Aug 2004. 33(8):525-534

  6. Adhesions • Filamentous hemagglutinin • Pertactin • Fimbriae http://www.rivm.nl/infectieziektenbulletin/bul1306/kinkhoest.jpg http://www.my-pharm.ac.jp/~yishibas/research/Pertussis1.jpg

  7. Toxins • Pertussis Toxin • Adenylate Cyclase Toxin • Tracheal cytotoxin • Dermonecrotic toxin • Heat-labile toxin www.ibl.fr/u447/u447.htm

  8. Pertussis Toxin • Colonizing factor and endotoxin • Cell bound and extracellular gsbs.utmb.edu/ microbook/ch031.htm www.med.sc.edu:85/ ghaffar/pertussis.jpg

  9. AdenylateCyclase Toxin • Invasive toxin • Impairment of immune effector cells Babu et al., 2001

  10. Whooping Cough • Also known as Pertussis • Outbreaks first described in the 16th Century • Major cause of childhood fatality prior to vaccination paaap.org/immunize/ course/slide27.html

  11. Clinical Features • Incubation period 4-21 days • 3 Stages • 1st Stage- Catarrhal Stage 1-2 weeks • 2nd Stage- Paroxysmal Stage 1-6 weeks • 3rd Stage- Covalescent Stage weeks-months http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/pertussis/chapter1.pdf

  12. Pertussis Infection gsbs.utmb.edu/ microbook/ch031.htm

  13. Diagnosis • Isolation by culture • PCR • Direct fluorescent antibody • Serological testing http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/images/d7053.jpg

  14. Treatment • Antibiotic therapy • Erythromycin • Azithromycin and clarithromycin http://www.aboutthatbug.com/AboutThatBug/files/CCLIBRARYFILES/ FILENAME/0000000032/033_lg.jpg http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/courses/lcme510/chmrx/macrohd.htm

  15. Pertussis Vaccine • 1st Pertussis vaccine- whole cell • Acellular vaccine now used • Combination vaccines http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/immunize/providers.htm http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/pediatric/pertussis.html

  16. Strain Variation • B. pertussis population has changed significantly since vaccine introduction • Adaptation to vaccine • Antigenic divergence Mooi et al., 2001

  17. Vaccine problems • Complications/Safety • Multiple administration • Waning adolescent and adult immunity • Strain Variability http://www.healthcareforhoosiers.com/Member/vaccineschedule.html

  18. Conclusions • Reemerging in adult and adolescent populations as worldwide vaccination rates increase • High vaccination rates not enough • Better vaccine development needed

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