1 / 18

Understanding Bordetella Pertussis: From Microbiology to Vaccine Development

Explore the microbiology of Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium responsible for causing whooping cough (pertussis), its transmission, virulence factors including toxins and adhesions, clinical features, diagnosis methods, treatment options, pertussis vaccine development, strain variability, and current problems related to vaccination. Learn about the challenges faced in eradicating pertussis and the importance of developing improved vaccines.

craigr
Download Presentation

Understanding Bordetella Pertussis: From Microbiology to Vaccine Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bordetella pertussis http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/sw/2002/psidelsk/Microlinks.htm

  2. Outline • Bordetella Pertussis microbiology • Whooping Cough/Pertussis • Vaccine • Current problems with B. pertussis

  3. Bordetellapertussis Basics • Aerobic, Gram negative coccobacillus • Specific to Humans • Colonizes the respiratory tract • Whooping Cough (Pertussis) http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC420/lecture_notes/bordetella_pertussis/ gram_pertussis.html

  4. Transmission • Very Contagious • Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/history/2000/12december.htm http://www.universityscience.ie/imgs/scientists/whoopingcough.gif

  5. Virulence Steele, R.W. Pertussis: Is Eradication Achievable. Pediatric Annals. Aug 2004. 33(8):525-534

  6. Adhesions • Filamentous hemagglutinin • Pertactin • Fimbriae http://www.rivm.nl/infectieziektenbulletin/bul1306/kinkhoest.jpg http://www.my-pharm.ac.jp/~yishibas/research/Pertussis1.jpg

  7. Toxins • Pertussis Toxin • Adenylate Cyclase Toxin • Tracheal cytotoxin • Dermonecrotic toxin • Heat-labile toxin www.ibl.fr/u447/u447.htm

  8. Pertussis Toxin • Colonizing factor and endotoxin • Cell bound and extracellular gsbs.utmb.edu/ microbook/ch031.htm www.med.sc.edu:85/ ghaffar/pertussis.jpg

  9. AdenylateCyclase Toxin • Invasive toxin • Impairment of immune effector cells Babu et al., 2001

  10. Whooping Cough • Also known as Pertussis • Outbreaks first described in the 16th Century • Major cause of childhood fatality prior to vaccination paaap.org/immunize/ course/slide27.html

  11. Clinical Features • Incubation period 4-21 days • 3 Stages • 1st Stage- Catarrhal Stage 1-2 weeks • 2nd Stage- Paroxysmal Stage 1-6 weeks • 3rd Stage- Covalescent Stage weeks-months http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/pertussis/chapter1.pdf

  12. Pertussis Infection gsbs.utmb.edu/ microbook/ch031.htm

  13. Diagnosis • Isolation by culture • PCR • Direct fluorescent antibody • Serological testing http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/images/d7053.jpg

  14. Treatment • Antibiotic therapy • Erythromycin • Azithromycin and clarithromycin http://www.aboutthatbug.com/AboutThatBug/files/CCLIBRARYFILES/ FILENAME/0000000032/033_lg.jpg http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/courses/lcme510/chmrx/macrohd.htm

  15. Pertussis Vaccine • 1st Pertussis vaccine- whole cell • Acellular vaccine now used • Combination vaccines http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/immunize/providers.htm http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/pediatric/pertussis.html

  16. Strain Variation • B. pertussis population has changed significantly since vaccine introduction • Adaptation to vaccine • Antigenic divergence Mooi et al., 2001

  17. Vaccine problems • Complications/Safety • Multiple administration • Waning adolescent and adult immunity • Strain Variability http://www.healthcareforhoosiers.com/Member/vaccineschedule.html

  18. Conclusions • Reemerging in adult and adolescent populations as worldwide vaccination rates increase • High vaccination rates not enough • Better vaccine development needed

More Related