Unit 7 World War II

1. Unit 7World War II

4. World War II • Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ends WWI it forces Germany to give up land and pay lots of money for the damages of WWI. • German Economy: 4 years after WWI the German economy collapses. German money becomes worthless. The economy makes a come back but again collapses in the 1930’s. German people upset and angry. • Rise to Power: Hitler rises to power by appealing to German pride. His regime used prejudice and preached hatred. Hitler becomes head of Germany in 1933. He declares himself dictator. He banned ALL other political parties. He began jailing and killing those who disagreed with him. Hitler’s goal was to wipe out all Jews.

5. 1936: German troops march into the Rhineland. This breaks the Treaty of Versailles. • Demilitarized: Kept free of armed forces. • March 1938: German’s take over Austria, England, France and Soviet Union. There is a protest-but nobody really does anything about it. • September 1938: Hitler announces plans to seize part of Czechoslovakia. Again England and France protest but let Hitler take the land. • Fascist: Is a person who believes in a rigid, militaristic, one party dictatorship government • Mussolini: Dictator of Italy: much like Hitler. He marched armies into Ethiopia and Albania.

7. Japan: Military leaders very strong. Japan fighting China over land. General Hideki Tojo is the military leader of Japan. • European War: war breaks out in Europe on September 1, 1939. Germany attacks Poland. • Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” sudden warfare intended to surprise the enemy and win a quick victory. • Axis: Germany, Italy and Japan formed a war partnership • June 1941: 3 million German troops attack Russia, by fall 2 ½ million Russian Soldiers are dead.

9. 1942: Germans resume war they head for Stalingrad in Russia. This it the turning point of WWII. Nazi’s are on the defense from this point. • Allies: Britain, Canada. Australia, France and others group together to fight Germany. • Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941, Japan attacks, US Planes and ships at Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Next day the US declares war on Japan. • December 10, 1941: Germany Italy declared war on United States. • 1942: American ships and planes reversed Japan’s momentum. US lands in N. Africa, joined England to defeat Germany in Africa.

11. Soviets; suffered huge losses but finally stopped German Army in 1942. • 1943: Allies invade Italy force them to surrender • 1944: Allies cross English Channel from Britain into France-almost a year later Allies defeat the Nazis and Hitler dies. • RESULTS OF WAR * Economy Shifts * Shortage of sugar, coffee, gas, tires * Women go to work * New jobs created

13. Japanese Americans: Treated unfairly, badly Americans of Japanese ancestry were forced to live in military camps, called relocation centers. They were nothing more than prison camps. • Big Three: Allied leaders, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin, U.S., England and Russia are called the big three. • Axis: Hitler, Tojo, Mussolini- Germany, Italy and Japan are called the Axis, • April 1945: FDR, President of the US, dies in office. Vice-President Harry S. Truman, becomes president

15. Atomic Bomb: Truman decides to use the atomic bomb against Japan. The Bomb ends WWII, but begins a deadly era in human history. • Exhaustion: Allied troops are exhausted from the war. Axis powers are in ruins. 45 million people died. 400,000 of them were Americans. • United States emerges from WWII: as the most powerful nation in the world. The US could never return to its isolated past.

17. Chapter 1: Rise of A Dictator • Adolf Hitler: was an extremely powerful and appealing speaker. He preached that the strong must trample and rule the weak, only violence and war could make Germany an Empire. • Nazis: National Socialist Party- Hitler’s Political Party. Nazi’s rule all of Germany. They want to make Germany a master race. • Hitler born in 1889: in Austria. He is part Jewish, he quit high school. He lived in a run-down Vienna men’s house as a young adult he was very poor. His hatred for man is believed to have been fueled by his poverty in Vienna. WWI got Hitler out of poverty. He joined the army, were he was wounded 2 times and awarded Germany's highest honor, the Iron Cross. When Germany surrendered for WWI he was devastated. He became involved in Politics after the war.

20. Germany’s 2 Great Enemies: Hitler said Germany had 2 enemies “TRAITORS” who had stabbed Germany in the back –politicians who surrendered at the end of the war signed the Treaty of Versailles and agreed to pay reparation, the other enemy was the “JEWS” who were responsible for Germany’s economic problems. Hitler's Hatred of TRAITORS and JEWS became the basis of his political platform.

22. Rise to Power: Hitler rose to power during the Depression. He promised jobs, food, the return of dignity and greatness. • 1932: Nazi’s planned an overthrow of Germany’s Government. Nazi’s try, but police stop them, Hitler arrested. In prison, Hitler writes “Mien Kampf” which means My Struggle. This tells of his plans to overtake Germany and surrounding countries he vowed to deal with the Jewish Problem

24. Rise of Nazism: After getting out of prison. Hitler devoted his life to the Nazi party. Hitler wins support of business. Business believes only Hitler’s severe methods can save them. • 1933: Hitler appointed chancellor-He then turns the government into his own personal dictatorship. He becomes the Fuhrer, or leader. • Hitler becomes Fuhrer: German's loose civil rights over night-All political parties outlawed except Nazi • Jews Forbidden: to marry non-Jews, teach or to work as doctors.

26. Gestapo: Hitler’s secret police, shot or jailed any enemy. • Third Reich: Hitler called his German empire the Third Reich, after 2 earlier German empires. Hitler promised Germany that the Third Reich, Nazi’s would control the world. • American’s Reaction to Hitler: At 1st most did not take him seriously, Pres. Roosevelt began to warn America, US still didn’t react. America believed the best course was to stay neutral.

28. Chapter 2: “Peace For Our Time” • September 30, 1938: Prime Ministers of England and France. Chamberlin and Daladier made a deal with Hitler. They gave land along the Czechoslovakian border to Hitler. The people of France and England thought their leaders saved them from war. • Summit: A meeting of high level officials. • Appeasement: The policy of giving into keep peace

30. Munich: Hitler and Mussolini, Chamberlin and Daladier have a summit to discuss things. Hitler tell England’s Chamberlin and France’s Daladier if they give him the land that borders Czechoslovakia there would be no war. Chamberlin and Daladier argue with Hitler for hours- they finally decide to give into Hitler and give up Czechoslovakia, which is not theirs to give, to keep peace. This agreement becomes known as an appeasement.

32. Czechoslovakia: Became doomed because of the appeasement. They needed the mountainous land France and England gave up to Germany for protection. They now had no hope of defending themselves. Czechoslovakia felt England and France betrayed them .

34. Chapter 3: BLITZKRIEG • Blitzkrieg: sudden warfare intended to surprise the enemy and win a quick victory • Poland’s Blitzkrieg: Tanks, planes and troops bombed and destroyed Polish cities. Setting on fire and killing anything left standing that was in their way. • Polish Soldiers: fight back but guns are old and the polish army was unprepared. • Polish Territory: Hitler wants the Polish territory, so he could have more land in the East. Hitler miscalculates world’s reaction to his “BLITZKRIEG” of Poland.

36. September 3, 1939: England and France declare war on Germany in response to Hitler’s “BLITZKRIEG” of Poland. • Polish Army: England and France can’t help Poland. Germany crushes the Polish Army in 1 month. Poland surrendered on September 27, 1939. • Secret Agreement: Germany and Russia had a secret agreement signed before the war started. They agreed to divide Poland between them. • America Ignores Problems: To most, war is far away- FDR Worried- He slowly persuades congress to help the Allies of England and France.

38. Helping the Allies: At first the US sells guns to England and France then Congress gives them money to build 1000’s of planes • June 1940: Germany defeats France- England is left standing against Germany all alone. • Sept. 1940: US sends 50 old war ships to help England. In return England lets the US “rent” naval bases in the Caribbean and North America. • Draft: Congress set a law in 1940 that all men between the ages of 21 and 35 were required to sign up as candidates for military service.

39. Total number of inductees for WWII (1940-1946)including draftees before Pearl Harbor10,110,114 By Year:1940     -     18,633   1941     -      923,842     1942     -     3,033,361     1943     -     3,323,970     1944     -     1,591,942  1945     -     945,862  1946     -     183,383

40. Drafted: Called to military service • German Bombers: Germans pound England in nightly bombing attacks called raids. England was fighting Germany on tanks in Africa. The English were spread very thin and Roosevelt knew England would need more help with weapons but they didn’t have the money to pay. • FDR’s Lend-Lease Program: FDR proposes to Congress that the US lend or Lease weapons to England. They’ll pay later. Congress agrees. US sends weapons in March 1941.

42. Fall 1940: FDR runs for President for the 3rd time. He easily wins making him the 1st President to be elected to 3 terms in office. • Factories: 1941-US factories very busy making guns to send to Great Britain.

44. Chapter 4: The Holocaust • Concentration Camp: A Prison camp for those the Nazis considered enemies. • Holocaust: The slaughter of Jews and other people by Nazi’s during WWII. • Anti-Semitism: A violent hatred and prejudice towards Jews. • Final Solution: Hitler and his advisor plan to destroy the entire Jewish population in Germany, then all of Europe. His dream for a “new order” called for a “master Race” in which all “sub humans (Polish and Russian people, Jews, Gypsies, the handicapped and homosexuals) were “eliminated” by killing them.

47. Auschwitz: A concentration camp in Poland. It had 4 huge gas chambers. 2 ½ million Jews died in Auschwitz’s gas chambers. At least another 500,000 died there from starvation, abuse or disease. • Dr. Joseph Mengele: A Nazi doctor who used human’s (mostly children) as guinea pigs in horrible medical experiments. • Genocide: The deliberate murder of an entire group of people.