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Unit 7: World War II and its Aftermath

Unit 7: World War II and its Aftermath. Chapter 16: World War Looms. The World ’ s Great “ isms ”.

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Unit 7: World War II and its Aftermath

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  1. Unit 7: World War II and its Aftermath Chapter 16: World War Looms

  2. The World’s Great “isms” • A system for bettering the condition of the people by having the state own and control the means of production of major industries; government determines the needs of the people and then provides these for them. • According to Karl Marx, this is the final stage of socialism in which a classless society will be achieved and the state will wither away.

  3. A form of government in which the government is supreme and individuals have few rights. Total control of the government rests in the hands of one or a few persons. • A government in which the power and authority rest with the people. People usually express their power through voting.

  4. Political philosophy that calls for glorification of the nation above the individual, a centralized government headed by a dictatorial leader, a severe economic and social regimentation, and the use of force against opposition. • A form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leader. It calls for aggressive nationalism and militarism and placed great restrictions on personal freedom. • System in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production

  5. Faces of Totalitarianism • -Extreme nationalism • And racism • Militaristic expansion • Forceful leader • Private property w/ • Strong gov’t. control • -Anticommunist -Create sound Communist state -Revolution by Workers -Eventual rule by Working class -State ownership Of property - Extreme Nationalism - Militaristic expansion - Charismatic Leader - Private property w/ Strong gov’t. contol - Anticommunist

  6. I. Dictators Threaten World Peace • Nationalism threatens Europe and Asia 1. Failures of WWI peace settlement 2. Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union

  7. a. Create a model Communist state b. restructuring of agriculture and industry c. 1939-2nd largest industrial power in the world

  8. d. 1939- est. a totalitarian gov’t.: complete control over citizens 3. Fascism in Italy: a. 1921- Benito Mussolini began his rise to power b. 1922- a Fascist Gov’t est. in Italy

  9. 1. Eventually became a totalitarian state 4. Nazis in Germany a. 1919- Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazi Party

  10. b. Beliefs of Nazism: 1. Based on extreme nationalism a. uniting all German speaking people’s/”Aryan” race 2. Germany needed more living space

  11. c. Role of the Great Depression d. 1933- Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany 1. Dismantled democratic Weimar Republic 2. Est. the Third Reich

  12. 5. Militarist in Japan: a. Nationalistic military leaders took control b. 1931- invaded and captured Manchuria

  13. 6. Aggression in Europe: a. Germany invaded the Rhineland b. Rome-Berlin Axis Pact: formal alliance b/w Germany and Italy c. Italy- invaded and took control of Ethiopia.

  14. B. U.S. Clings to Neutrality • Neutrality Acts: a. outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war (includes Civil War)

  15. II. War in Europe • Continued German expansion 1. Union with Austria a. March, 1938 Nazi’s entered Austria unopposed. 2. The Sudetenland: a. 3 million German speaking peoples b. Munich Pact: Hitler declared this his last territorial demand 1. Neville Chamberlain

  16. B. The German Offensive 1. March, 1939 German troops entered Czechoslovakia 2. Soviets declare neutrality: a. nonaggression pact: Soviet Union and Germany agreed not to fight each other.

  17. 1. Result- Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 2. Sept. 3, 1939 Britain and France declared war on Germany 3. Germany took 2/3 population; Soviets 1/2 territory

  18. 3. From Blitzkrieg to sitzkrieg a. ended when Soviets began invading the Baltics b. Germany then invaded Denmark and Norway

  19. C. France and Britain Fight On • The Fall of France • The Battle of Britain a. total control of British skies b. 2 months of daily/nightly bombing c. Hitler suspended attempt to capture Britain

  20. III. The Holocaust • Persecution Begins 1. Why Jews? a. Nuremberg Laws: stripped of civil rights and property and wear the Star of David. b. Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

  21. 2. Plight of Jewish Refugees: a. reluctance of Britain and France to take in refugees b. American reluctance

  22. B. The Final Solution: the disappearance of Jewry from Europe 1. Genocide 2. Targeted groups- Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses. a. homosexuals, mentally retarded, disabled, incurably ill 3. Eastward- targeted Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians

  23. 3. Concentration Camps: labor camps consisting of hunger, humiliation, and death. 4. Extermination: 1941 built 6 death camps in Poland a. gas chambers b. shot, hung, injected w/ poison c. crematoriums

  24. d. herded into ghettos to starve or die from disease e. families often separated f. camps- cycle of hunger, humiliation, and work.

  25. 5. The Survivors: a. risks of many 6. 6 million + died at hands of Germany

  26. IV. America Moves Towards War • U.S. Musters Its Forces 1. Moving cautiously away from neutrality: a. FDR asked for revisions to Neutrality Acts b. Cash and Carry Policy

  27. 2. The Axis Threat: a. Tripartite Pact: signed by Japan, Germany, and Italy 1. Forever known as Axis Powers 2. Agreed to come to aid of each other in the event of attack

  28. a. What does this mean for the United States? 3. Building America’s Defenses: a. Selective Training and Service Act- first peace time draft 1. Ages 21-35 registered.

  29. 4. Election of 1940: a. Rep- Wendell Wilkie b. Dem.- FDR 1. Winner- FDR c. Significance of this election?

  30. B. The Great Arsenal of Democracy 1. Lend Lease Plan: U.S. would lend or lease arms and supplies to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. a. Great Britain and Soviet Union

  31. 2. June 22, 1941 Hitler invaded Soviet Union with 3 million troops. a. scorched earth policy 3. German Wolf Packs

  32. C. Planning for War • The Atlantic Charter: a declaration of principles b/w G.B. and the U.S.: a. Pledged the following: 1. Seek no territorial expansion 2. Pursue no territorial changes w/out consent of inhabitants

  33. 3. Respect the right of people to choose own form of government 4. Promote free trade among nations 5. Work for disarmament of aggressors

  34. b. was later the basis for the United Nations 2. Shooting Begins a. German U-Boat attacks on U.S. merchant/war ships- Pink Star, Kearny, and Reuben James 1. Led us no closer to war 2. “When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike.. You crush him” 3. “The shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired first”. - FDR

  35. D. Japan Attacks the United States • Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia a. U.S. response- trade embargo; included oil (most important). b. Nov. 5, 1941- Japanese envoy sent to U.S. seeking peace

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