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Invaders of the Middle East

Invaders of the Middle East. Challenges to Islam. The Seljuk Turks Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribes These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia

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Invaders of the Middle East

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  1. Invaders of the Middle East

  2. Challenges to Islam The Seljuk Turks • Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribes • These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia • In the late 10th century, they migrated into modern day Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq and converted to Islam

  3. Seljuk Empire

  4. Challenges to Islam • In 1055, the Seljuk Turks, under their leader Mas’ud, conquer Baghdad, and establish control over the Abbassid Dynasty • At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they deal a serious blow to the Byzantine Empire • Much of Anatolia is now under Seljuk Turk control

  5. Major Impact of the Seljuk Turks • Seljuks dominate the aging Abbassid Empire • Byzantine Empire is weakened by Seljuk advances into Anatolia (modern day Turkey) • This prompts the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus to ask Western Christendom for help

  6. Crusaders • The Byzantine Emperor Alexius convinces Pope Urban to call for a “crusade” to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims First Crusade (1096-1099) • Captures Jerusalem in 1099 • Crusader armies establish kingdoms in Syria and Palestine • When the Crusaders capture Jerusalem, they celebrate by killing all Muslims, Jews, and even Orthodox Christians!

  7. http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos - the-crusades The Crusaders

  8. Major Impact of the Crusades • The Crusader Kingdoms in the Middle East last for less than 200 years • Lasting impact was the exposure of Western Europe to the wealth, trade, and knowledge of Middle East culture

  9. The Mongols • The Mongols were from central Asia • Under their great leader Genghis Khan, they would eventually control the largest continuous empire in history

  10. The Mongols • Were very effective cavalry • Left a path of death and destruction in their wake

  11. The Mongols Extent of Mongol Empire

  12. Mongol Horsemen • In 1258, Hulagu, a grandson of the great Genghis Khan, led a huge Mongol army to invade the Abbassid Empire. • The caliph of Baghdad believed that his forces could withstand a siege. • He was wrong…

  13. Mongol Horsemen • The city of Baghdad fell to the Mongols, and was destroyed • 80,000 people were put to the sword, except for the Christians • The Caliph was stuffed into a felt bag and ridden over by hundreds of horses • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo0rZSEC6pA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saBqXxublJU

  14. Impact of Mongol Invasions • Mongol invasions caused terrible destruction in the Middle East • Millions of people were killed, and thousands of towns and cities destroyed • Mongol invasions, did, however, link the Middle East with China and India via trade routes

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