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Redistricting 2021

Redistricting 2021. Background and Preparations. Why Redistrict?. Reapportionment of Congress Federal Decennial Census (US Constitution, Art. I, Sec. 2) One person, one vote US Supreme Court, Reynolds v. Sims (1964). History of Redistricting.

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Redistricting 2021

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  1. Redistricting 2021 Background and Preparations

  2. Why Redistrict? • Reapportionment of Congress • Federal Decennial Census (US Constitution, Art. I, Sec. 2) • One person, one vote • US Supreme Court, Reynolds v. Sims (1964)

  3. History of Redistricting • Legislature responsible for redistricting for most of state’s history • 1972 • Missed US District Court deadline • Redistricting completed by special master

  4. History of Redistricting • 1981 • Congressional redistricting plan vetoed by Governor • 1982 • Revised congressional districts invalidated by US District Court for excessive population variance (Doph v. Munro)

  5. History of Redistricting • 1983 • Temporary Redistricting Commission appointed to complete congressional redistricting • Constitutional amendment establishing permanent Redistricting Commission proposed by Legislature and adopted by Washington voters (Amendment 74, now Art. II, Sec. 43)

  6. History of Redistricting • Commission completes redistricting in 1991, 2001, 2011 • 2016 • Voters approve constitutional amendment moving deadline to complete redistricting from Jan. 1 to Nov. 15

  7. Composition of Commission • Leaders of the two largest parties in each house of the legislature each appoint one member • Those four members together appoint a non-partisan, non-voting chair • Members cannot be elected officials or party officers

  8. Redistricting Plan • Districts must be drawn to: • Contain a population “as nearly equal as practicable” to the other districts • Be contiguous, compact, and convenient • Respect natural and artificial barriers and political subdivision boundaries • Encourage electoral competition and not favor or discriminate against any political party or group

  9. Adoption of Plan • At least three of the four voting (partisan) members of the Commission must vote to adopt a plan • Legislature has 30 days during next session to amend plan • Requires 2/3 vote of each house • Cannot move more than 2% of population in any district

  10. Adoption of Plan • Plan becomes effective at deadline or adoption of amendments • No role for Governor; not subject to veto • Congressional and legislative districts can only be adopted or changed through Commission process

  11. Secretary of State’s Role • Liaison with Census Bureau for redistricting data programs • Voting Tabulation Districts (VTD) • Block Boundary Suggestion Program • City and town boundary review

  12. Secretary of State’s Role • Hire redistricting project staff • Collect data for use by the Redistricting Commission: • Voter address and participation data • Precinct-level election results and turnout data • Precinct boundary data and shapefiles across years

  13. Dates and Deadlines • December 2015 – May 2016 • Block Boundary Suggestion Program • City and town boundary review • December 2017 – May 2018 • Initial Voting Tabulation District (precinct) delineation for Census Bureau

  14. Dates and Deadlines • December 2018 – May 2019 • VTD verification/update I • December 2019 – March 2020 • VTD verification/update II

  15. Dates and Deadlines • January 1, 2020 • Cutoff date for Census geographic boundary updates • April 1, 2020 • Census Day

  16. Dates and Deadlines • January 15, 2021 • Deadline for legislative leadership to appoint 4 partisan Commission members (RCW 44.05.030 (1)) • January 21, 2021 • Deadline for the Clerk of the House of Representatives to release congressional apportionment results to state governments (2USC § 2a(b)) • January 31, 2021 • Deadline for 4 partisan Commission members to appoint non-voting chair (RCW 44.05.030 (3))

  17. Dates and Deadlines • April 1, 2021 • Deadline for Census Bureau to distribute PL 94-171 redistricting population counts to states (13 USC § 141(c)) • May 16, 2021 (45 days later) • Last possible deadline for Redistricting Commission to forward population counts to local jurisdictions for local redistricting (RCW 29A.76.010 (2))

  18. Dates and Deadlines • November 15, 2021 • Deadline for Redistricting Commission to adopt new congressional and legislative district lines (Washington State Constitution, Art. II Sec. 43 (6))

  19. Dates and Deadlines • January 10, 2022 • Regular legislative session begins (RCW 44.04.010) • January 16, 2022 (8 months after receipt of redistricting data) • Latest possible deadline for local jurisdictions to adopt redistricting plans (RCW 29A.76.010 (3))

  20. Dates and Deadlines • February 8, 2022 • Latest possible deadline for legislature to amend the Redistricting Commission’s adopted congressional and legislative district boundaries (State Const. Art. II Sec. 43 (7))

  21. Dates and Deadlines • May 2, 2022 • Deadline for county legislative authorities to adopt precinct boundary changes, including changes to accommodate new district lines, for the 2022 election cycle(RCW 29A.16.040) • First day for filing officer to accept mailed declarations of candidacy for the 2022 election cycle (RCW 29A.24.081)

  22. Dates and Deadlines • May 16-20, 2022 • Regular candidate filing period (RCW 29A.24.050) • June 18, 2022 • Deadline for counties to send Primary ballots to service and overseas voters (RCW 29A.40.070 (2); WAC 434-235-030)

  23. Dates and Deadlines • August 2, 2022 • Primary (RCW 29A.04.311) • November 8, 2022 • General Election (Washington State Constitution, Art. II, Sec. 5; Art. VI, Sec. 8; RCW 29A.04.321)

  24. What Changes Could We See? • Washington expected to remain at 10 seats in the US House of Representatives(Analysis by Kim Brace, Election Data Services, Inc., projected from 2018 state population estimates)

  25. Uneven Population Growth

  26. Uneven Population Growth

  27. Uneven Population Growth

  28. Redistricting 2021 • Questions?

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