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MUS1100 Exploring Music World Music Semester 1, 2006

MUS1100 Exploring Music World Music Semester 1, 2006. Middle Eastern Music with Dr. Made Mantle Hood. Middle East. Countries: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Lebanon, Israel Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Xingjian (W. China).

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MUS1100 Exploring Music World Music Semester 1, 2006

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  1. MUS1100 Exploring Music World MusicSemester 1, 2006 Middle Eastern Music with Dr. Made Mantle Hood

  2. Middle East • Countries: • Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, • Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Lebanon, Israel • Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, • Xingjian (W. China)

  3. Middle East: Historical Background • II. Brief Historical Background: Three Periods • Development (6th - 13th Cen.) • Greek music theory forms foundation for amalgamation of existing Persian, Arabic and Turkish musics • formalization of rhythmic and melodic modes

  4. Middle East: Historical Background • Conservation (15th-19th Cen.) • musical stagnation from the Ottoman Empire dominance • political upheaval in the West and migration from Spain • Modern Period (19th Cen. - present) • decline in traditional instruments from Western and non-Arabic influences • rise in Nationalism and the 1939 Cairo Conference revives traditional musical forms

  5. Middle East: Musical characteristics • III. Music General: • singing of fine poetry • sophisticated melodic improvisation • long, complex rhythmic patterns • Makam– similar to raga in India...a modal system based on hierarchy of tones • Usul– similar to tala in India...a rhythmic system with highly developed meters typically in triple meters.

  6. Strings: Oud • Strings: • oud– fretless plucked lute w/ large body and short neck • pine wood sounding board • three resonator holes • ornate iconography • inlaid mother of pearl, ivory and ebony wood. • double course strings

  7. Strings: Saz • Saz– long-necked plucked lute with tear-drop shaped body, pine wood sounding board without sounding hole • corpus resonating hole • movable string frets • 7 strings, double course • cherry bark or plastic plectrum Track 3 – Turkish classical taksim (solo improv)

  8. Video: Turkey Saz solo – Tourism and Folklore Education Centre Troupe • (1985) Asian Festival of Traditional Music and Dance – Tokyo, Japan • beginning – soloist uses two-handed hammering on-off technique in free rhythm • middle – a metered dance piece in 9/4 time • end – improvisatory section again in free rhythm

  9. Video: Turkish Spoon Dance • Kasik Spoon Dance – southern Turkey • from the Medierranean Sea • two spoons in each hand as percussion instrument • kasik ancestors are believed to have invented the art of making Yoghurt • 9-beat asak meter [2+2+2+3] • accompaniment from nay wind instrument, saz, and darabuka or dumbek

  10. IV. Instruments continued – Drums, Winds • frame drum • round wooden frame • 1-3” depth – 12-20” in diameter • goat, cow, fish or snakeskin head

  11. Drums: frame drums • rik– small tabournine frame drum with ‘finger bells’ added to the rim and notch for the hand

  12. Drums: kettle drum • kettle drum – bowl shaped, bronze metal body with goatskin drum head • cross pattern lacing, military association Track 5 – Yemeni Drumming from the Hadramawt

  13. Drums: goblet drums • dumbek– single headed goblet drum, ceramic, copper and metal body • integrated tabourine interior

  14. Drums: dumbek

  15. Winds: Nay Winds: nay– • end-blown flute with six holes in front and 1 thumb hole in back • air passes over sound hole similar to traverse flute but with ‘bottle neck’ technique

  16. Winds: Shenay • shenay– double reed end blown oboe-like wind instrument w/ 6 holes • wooden body • reed mouth piece • brass bell Track 19 – Qurba ‘bagpipe’ dance at a wedding in Oman

  17. Video: Tea House Performance – Eastern Turkey Itinerate musicians called asik, meaning ‘love in Arabic • Musicians wander from town to town • Sing of heroic deeds of the 16th cen. Intertwined with improvisational social commentary, practical advise, and humor. • Song contests that forbid the use of consonants such as m, p, or b. • All-male audience drinks sweet tea, smoke cigarettes

  18. Video: Sema Dance, Sufi Ritual – Central Anatolia “Whirling Dervishes” perform 18th Cen. Dance called ‘Suzidilara Pesrevi’ • Sufi Muslims of the Mevlevi sect • annual dance honoring 12th Cen. Poet and philosopher Mevlana Rumi • Performed on anniversary of his death • Dance • Depicts religious trance-like ecstasy where dancers gracefully spin counterclockwise • Sun, death, tombstone, palms of the hands

  19. Middle East: Summary • Many musical instruments of the Middle East are forbearers of modern guitars and lutes • Strings are the medium for modally driven Instrumental and vocal music that draws from the makam modal system. • Improvisation plays a dominant role for both amateur and professional musician.

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