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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. Classification. Called three things: 1. Membrane— because it covers the body 2. Organ— because it contains several kinds of tissues 3. System— because it contains organs that work together to perform specific functions.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. Classification • Called three things: • 1. Membrane— • because it covers the body • 2. Organ— • because it contains several kinds of tissues • 3. System— • because it contains organs that work together to perform specific functions

  3. Skin functions • Protection: Chemical, Physical, Biological • Body Temperature Regulation • Storage • Absorption • Excretion • Production or Metabolic Functions

  4. epidermis • Outer layer/no blood vessels • 95% of the cells are keratinocytes—keratin • Five different sub-layers • New skin cells-basal layer • Change from square to flat as move to the surface • Very tough; withstand scuffs and scrapes • Melanocytes and Langerhans cells • 25-45 days • Function-continuous supply of new skin cells, resists friction, waterproof, and prevents water loss

  5. Epidermal Layers • Stratum corneum (Horny layer) 15-25 layers of dead, flat, squamous, epithelial cells. Thicker over soles and palms • Stratum lucidum (clear layer) only located in the thicker areas • Stratum granulosum (Granular layer) waterproofing with keratin and lipids • Stratum spinosum (Prickly layer) usually the thickest layer, Langerhans cells—part of the immune response • Stratum basale (Basal cell layer) stem cells, keratinocytes, Merkel cells, and melanocytes

  6. http://histology.leeds.ac.uk/skin/assets/skin_epidermis_diag.gifhttp://histology.leeds.ac.uk/skin/assets/skin_epidermis_diag.gif

  7. Dermis • Thicker than the epidermis • Provides epidermis with nutrients • Strong and flexible • Fibroblast cells—collagen and elastin • “body stocking” • Two layers: Papillary and Reticular • Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, and sense receptors

  8. Dermis layers • Papillary • Phagocytes • Friction Ridges and fingerprints • Reticular • 80% of the thickness of the dermis • Tension or cleavage lines • Flexure lines

  9. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=ffXiTSkxjG475M:&imgrefurl=http://jyotishmanrocks.blogspot.com/2011/05/invention-of-fingerprint.html&docid=PuqbsKJhPHg6QM&imgurl=http://daphnecaruanagalizia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/fingerprint-207x300.jpg&w=207&h=300&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=447&vpy=139&dur=1390&hovh=240&hovw=165&tx=120&ty=139&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=159&tbnw=110&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=ffXiTSkxjG475M:&imgrefurl=http://jyotishmanrocks.blogspot.com/2011/05/invention-of-fingerprint.html&docid=PuqbsKJhPHg6QM&imgurl=http://daphnecaruanagalizia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/fingerprint-207x300.jpg&w=207&h=300&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=447&vpy=139&dur=1390&hovh=240&hovw=165&tx=120&ty=139&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=159&tbnw=110&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=v82nYzyzRpRjiM:&imgrefurl=http://quizlet.com/2728226/chapter-5-the-integumentary-system-flash-cards/&docid=QLSAz2WRh1AjuM&imgurl=http://i.quizlet.com/i/IAGlRO2vQXC5AKWB8U6_Hg_m.jpg&w=238&h=240&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=913&vpy=314&dur=121&hovh=192&hovw=190&tx=92&ty=133&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=160&tbnw=112&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0

  10. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tension+lines+dermis&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=mbiY7-q7wRcr-M:&imgrefurl=http://teleanatomy.com/introductiontoanatomy-Skin.html&docid=5lxpGgsXiqcP9M&imgurl=http://teleanatomy.com/General%252520Anatomy/Introduction%252520to%252520Anatomy%2525203rd%252520Edition/Skin_files/image020.jpg&w=576&h=668&ei=q3fVTuXTD4PDgQe89smYAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=264&vpy=142&dur=49085&hovh=242&hovw=208&tx=53&ty=257&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=168&tbnw=145&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tension+lines+dermis&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=mbiY7-q7wRcr-M:&imgrefurl=http://teleanatomy.com/introductiontoanatomy-Skin.html&docid=5lxpGgsXiqcP9M&imgurl=http://teleanatomy.com/General%252520Anatomy/Introduction%252520to%252520Anatomy%2525203rd%252520Edition/Skin_files/image020.jpg&w=576&h=668&ei=q3fVTuXTD4PDgQe89smYAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=264&vpy=142&dur=49085&hovh=242&hovw=208&tx=53&ty=257&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=168&tbnw=145&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0

  11. hypodermis • Not considered a skin layer • Subcutaneous tissue • Fat, blood vessels, and sensory receptors • Cushions and insulates

  12. Skin color • MELANOCYTES • Everyone has the same # • Difference comes from the kind and amount of melanin made and retained • Protection from the sun • Freckles and moles • CAROTENE • Yellow to orange pigment, converted to Vitamin A • Asian • Palms, heels, and soles of feet • HEMOGLOBIN • Rosy complexion in fair skin

  13. Skin color continued • Cyanosis • Poor oxygenation • Albino • Absence of color pigment • Erythema • Redness • Pallor, blanching • Loss of color • Jaundice • Yellow cast • Bronzing • Copper color • Hematomas • Black and blue marks/bruising

  14. Appendages of the skin • Sweat Glands or sudoriferous glands • Up to 3 million per person • Two types: eccrine and apocrine • Eccrine—99% water • Primary purpose is to prevent overheating • Heat induced sweating begins on the forehead • Emotionally induced begins on the palms, soles, and axillae • Sebaceous Glands • Oil glands • Everywhere except palms and soles • Sebum • Blemishes

  15. Appendages continued • Hair Follicles and Hair • Millions cover our bodies except….. • Protection • Pigment/Color—melanocytes • Red hair—pigment containing iron • Gray or white hair—decreased melanin • Arrectorpili—”raiser of hair” muscle and secretes sebum out of the hair follicle • Normal hair loss • Fastest hair growth • Nutrition and hormones • Hirsutism • Alopecia • Baldness • Hair thinning

  16. Nails • Our “hooves” or “claws” • Protect fingers and toes • Useful as “tools” • Dead keratinized epidermal epithelial cells • Pink from rich bed of capillaries in the underlying dermis • Nail matrix • Changes in nail appearance: • Yellow-tinged • Thickened • Outward, concavity (spoon nail) • Horizontal lines (Beau’s lines)

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