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Government and the People. Ch. 1 Sec. 3. What is a government?. A government is the ruling authority for a community, or society. Thomas Hobbes , English political thinker, said in the 1600’s that life without government would be: “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”.
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Government and the People Ch. 1 Sec. 3
What is a government? • A government is the ruling authority for a community, or society. • Thomas Hobbes, English political thinker, said in the 1600’s that life without government would be: “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”
The 4 Functions of Gov’t: • 1. Keep order • Make and enforce/carry out laws (most important job of gov’t!) • Establish court systems • 2. Provide Security • The armed forces • Civilian police forces
The 4 Functions of Gov’t: • 3. Provide Services • Libraries, police, fire, streets, hospitals • Schools, government inspectors, housing
The 4 Functions of Gov’t: • 4. Guide the Community • Formulate public policy: course of government action to achieve community goals ie: EOC’s, drivers education • Create a budget: plan for collecting and spending money
3 Levels of Government… 1. National/ Federal/ Central Government (Washington, DC) • Has the highest level of authority • Provides the basic framework for citizenship
3 Levels of Government… • 2. State Government (Raleigh, NC) • Decides matters and makes laws for the people in that state • 3. Local Government (Catawba County, Newton city, Hickory city) • Is the level of government closest to the people
State and local governments cannot take actions that go against the laws and authority of the national government
Types of Government • Main idea: The people are the ultimate rulers of democratic countries, while in totalitarian states, a single person (dictator, absolute monarch) or small group (*oligarchy*) holds all the power.
Types of Democracies… • Direct Democracy : • All citizens meet, discuss, and vote firsthand….not practical today • Ex: ancient Greece (2,500 years ago)
Types of Democracies… • Representative Democracy : • Citizens choose a group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf • Ex: United States • *we are the oldest representative democracy in the world
Types of Democracies… • Republic : • Same thing as a representative democracy! • You say this every morning at FTF
Types of Democracies… • Constitutional Monarchy : • Government with a hereditary ruler who has their power limited by the country’s constitution • Ex: Great Britain- Queen • Japan- emperor
Democratic Government • Abe Lincoln described our democracy as a “government of the people, by the people, for the people”
He meant that… • The power of the government comes from the citizens (consent of the governed) • Americans themselves, through their elected representatives, run their government (popular sovereignty) • The purpose of the government is to make the U.S. a better place for those who live here
Principles of American Democracy • Rule of Law • All people, including leaders, are bound by the law • Limited Government • Government may only do those things that the people have given it the power to do
Principles of American Democracy • Consent of the Governed • American citizens are the source of all government power • Majority rule: citizens will abide by what most people want as determined by elections • Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French Philosopher, gave us the idea of majority rule
Principles of American Democracy • Individual Rights • Individual rights are protected by government • Ex: the Bill of Rights (Amendments #1-10)
Principles of American Democracy • Representative Government • People elect government leaders to make the laws and govern on their behalf • Elections must be free, fair, and competitive • “One person, one vote” (14th amendment)
Principles of American Democracy • Representative Government cont… • The legal requirements for voting must be kept to a minimum • Citizens may vote freely on a secret ballot
Authoritarian Government • In an authoritarian form of government, power is held by an individual or a group not accountable to the people • **Oligarchy: rule by a few (this will be on the first benchmark test!)
Types of Authoritarian Governments • Absolute Monarchy • Ruled by a monarch who had unlimited/ unrestricted authority to rule as they wished • Not accountable to the people • Monarchs inherit their power • Ex: king of Saudi Arabia, England until the 1600’s
Types of Authoritarian Governments • Dictatorships • Ruled by a dictator who exercises complete control over the state • Dictators usually take power by force • Rely on police or military to keep power • Tamper with or refuse elections • Limit freedom of speech, assembly, press • Ex: Cuba and Fidel Castro since 1959
Types of Authoritarian Governments • Totalitarianism • In a totalitarian state, the government’s control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives • They ban political opposition, regulate industry, suppress individual freedom, control the media • Ex: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, China today
DO and turn in… • P. 28-29 #1-12 • *Note visual summary at end of chapter • Page guide on bottom of page #29
Writing • Which of the 4 main functions of government do you think is most important and why? • Why are dictatorships able to exist in modern societies?