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People and Government

People and Government. Principles of Government Section 1. State. A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority. Nation.

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People and Government

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  1. People and Government Principles of Government Section 1

  2. State • A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority.

  3. Nation • Any sizeable group of people who are united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes, religion.

  4. Nation-State • A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide.

  5. Consensus • An agreement about the basic beliefs.

  6. Territory • Everything that a nation owns: can be through purchase, expansion, war. • Ex) United States: Louisiana Purchase, Alaska, Hawaii.

  7. Sovereignty • The supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries.

  8. Government • Institution though which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state.

  9. 4 Theories on the Origin of the State • Evolutionary • Force • Divine Right • Social Contract

  10. Evolutionary • Government evolved from large families. Head of the family held power.

  11. Force theory • Says government emerged when all people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group.

  12. Divine Right Theory • God or gods have chosen who should rule.

  13. Social Contract • Hobbes • Locke

  14. Hobbes • By contract, people surrender power to the state maintain order. • The state, in turn, protects citizens. • People did not have the right to break contract.

  15. Locke • People have a right to break that contract!!!!

  16. Purposes of Government • Maintain social order • Provide public services • National Security and Common Defense • Control of economic systems

  17. Social Order • Keep people “in line.” Locke states people cannot live without conflict if government does not provide social order.

  18. Public Services • Government provides services to make community life possible and promote general welfare.

  19. National Security • Prevent attacks from other nations/terrorism.

  20. Economic Decisions • How to control/spend money for the benefit of the nation.

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