The Founding of Rome

The Founding of Rome Chapter 11.1

Tennessee Social Studies • 6.61 Explain how the geographical location of ancient Rome contributed to the shaping of Roman society and the expansion of its political power in the Mediterranean region and beyond. (E, G, P) • 6.62 Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and the role of mythical and historical figures in Roman history, including Romulus and Remus, Hannibal and the Carthaginian Wars, Cicero, Julius Caesar, Augustus, Hadrian, Aeneas, and Cincinnatus. (C, G, H, P) • 6.71 Explain the spread and influence of the Roman alphabet and the Latin language, the use of Latin as the language of education for more than 1,000 years, and the role of Latin and Greek in scientific and academic vocabulary. (C, H, G) • 6.72 Compare and contrast the Roman gods and goddesses to the Greek gods and goddesses, including Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Pluto, and Hera and their inclusion in modern society.

The Beginning of Rome • Part One: What effect did geography have on the rise of Roman civilization? • Roman rule extended throughout much of present-day Europe, Africa, and Asia

The Settling of Italy • Reasons people settled in Italy • In Mediterranean Sea • Easy to travel to Africa, Asia, and Europe

Reasons People Settled in Italy • 3. Mountain passages linked settlements together

Reasons People Settled in Italy 4. Climate -Sunny, mild, 5. Fertile Farmland-mountain slopes level off to large flat plains

Rome’s Location • Rome is on Italian Peninsula • Looks like a boot • Heel points to Greece • Toe points to the island of Sicily

Rome’s Location • Alps • Located in Northern Italy • Separate Italy from northern Europe

Rome’s Location • Apennines • Mountains that extend north to south

Rome’s location • Volcanoes • Dot southern Italy’s landscape

Rome’s location • Rome • 15 miles up the Tiber River • City on 7 hills • Rome’s location made it easy to defend against enemy attacks

Roman Origins • 1. The Aeneid written by Virgil • Describes what happened after Trojan War • A Trojan named Aeneas escaped from Troy carrying his father • Trojans settled in Italy and waged war • Aeneas married a local king’s daughter • United Trojans with Latin-speaking people • Aeneas is know as the “father” of Romans

Roman Origins • 2. Legend of Romulus and Remus • Twins • Left beside the Tiber River after they were born • Cared for by a female wolf • Raised by a shepherd and his wife • When they grew up, they planned to build a city along the Tiber River • Argued about the city • Remus made fun of the walls Romulus built • Romulus kills Remus • Romulus becomes king and names the city of Rome after himself.

Roman Origins • 3. Archaeological artifacts • Neolithic people may have settled in Itay in 5000 B.C. • Created farming villages • Latins settled in central Italy between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. • One group build straw-roofed huts on Rome’s hills between 800 B.C. and 700 B.C. which marks the birth of Rome and people became known as the Romans

Influences of Greeks and Etruscans • Two groups moved into the region where the Romans lived. • 1. Greeks • Settled in farming villages in southern Italy • Introduced grape and olive farming • Passed Greek alphabet to Romans • Romans model their buildings, sculptures, and literature after Greeks

Influences of Greek and Etruscans • 2. Etruscans • Etruscans settled north of Rome • Took control of Rome • Ruled by nobles that grew wealthy from trade and mining • Other Etruscans became artisans • Worked with copper, iron, lead, and tin • Made weapons, tools, and jewelry

Influences of Greek and Etruscans • Etruscans influences • Taught Romans to build with brick • Drained the water from marshes • Laid out city street • Built temples • Clothing-wearing short cloaks and togas • Etruscan army served as a model for the Roman army

Becoming a Republic • Part two: How did Rome become a great power? • Romans overthrew Etruscan • Started Roman Republic • A republic is a form of government in which citizens elect their leaders

Becoming a Republic • Rome fought many wars • In 267 B.C. Rome controlled most of Italy

Becoming a Republic • Roman army • Every male citizen who owned land had to serve in army • Soldiers were well trained • Deserters were killed • Strict discipline ensure soldiers loyalty to Rome

Becoming a Republic • Roman Army • Fought like Greeks • Reorganized their soldiers into smaller groups called legions • Each legion had 6,000 men • Further divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers

Becoming a Republic • Roman Soldier • Well armed • Carried a short, double-edged iron sword called a gladius and iron spear called pilum • Carried a standard into battle • Standard is a pole topped with a symbol • Showed the soldiers where they were to be • on the battlefield

Who Ruled Rome? • Romans ruled effectively • Built military outpost • Built on strategic locations • Built roads between settlements • Treated conquered people fairly • Created Roman Confederation • Gave some peoples full citizenship • They could vote and serve in the government • Treated the same as other citizens under the law

Who Ruled Rome? • Other conquered peoples • Became allies or friends of Rome • Paid Roman taxes • Required to supply soldiers • Free to manage their local affairs THE REPUBLIC GREW STRONGER AND MORE UNIFIED!

The Founding of Rome