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Rethinking Community Corrections for Effective Rehabilitation

Explore the impact of community corrections on incarceration rates, racial disparities, and policy recommendations for improving the system. Learn how shorter supervision terms and incentives for progress can lead to better outcomes.

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Rethinking Community Corrections for Effective Rehabilitation

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  1. The Wisconsin Community Corrections Story Kendra Bradner, Columbia Justice Lab January 23, 2019

  2. A National Problem:The Growth of Community Corrections

  3. Why reduce community corrections • Deprivation of liberty and trip wire to incarceration • More is not better – supervising low-risk people increases their likelihood of re-arrest • Lengthy supervision terms: • strain department resources • are unnecessary trip wires to technical violations • Diminishing returns: Most re-offenses occur in first 1-2 years • Stark racial disparities

  4. High and Increasing rates of parole supervision

  5. Long and Increasing Average parole Length of stay December 31, 1999: TIS implemented

  6. Mass supervision Drives Mass Incarceration - Exits to incarceration (2013)

  7. Mass supervision drives mass incarceration – Admissions (1996-2017)

  8. Mass supervision drives mass incarceration – Admissions including holds (1996-2017)

  9. Sharp increase in probation/parole holds October 8, 2001: MSDF opened

  10. Msdf focuses on technical revocations and holds

  11. Large racial disparities at msdf

  12. racial disparities in community supervision

  13. racial disparities in revocations

  14. Excerpt from statement on the future of community corrections As America’s leading probation and parole officials and other concerned individuals and organizations recommend that the number of people on probation and parole supervision in America be significantly reduced by: • Reserving community corrections for those who truly require it • Reducing lengths of stay • Exercising parsimony in imposing conditions • Incentivizing progress by granting early discharge • Eliminating supervision fees • Preserving most of the savings to improve services

  15. A Majority of States Have Limited Felony Probation Terms to 5 Years or Less 31 states with a cap on maximum felony probation terms of five years or less* * Many states exempt some crimes from the cap

  16. Maximum length of felony probation by state

  17. New York City – Model of Reform Without Legislation • 45% decline in violations 2010 - 2012 • Six fold increase in early discharges to 17% • 2/3 of supervisees on kiosks • 5,4,3 for felonies; 3 or 2 for misdemeanors (16% > max)

  18. NYC Probation caseload (1996 - 2017) 81.2% decline in number of people on probation, 1996-2017

  19. Sentences of NYC Arrestees, 2014

  20. New York City Outcomes • Use savings to focus on higher-risk and improve services: • Almost tripled per-person expenditure from 2002 to 2016 • Initiated new programs: NeON, Arches, ACE, etc. • 57% decrease in violent crime in NYC during that time • 55% decrease in jail usage during that time

  21. Policy Recommendations • Close the Milwaukee Secure Detention Facility • Locate Alternative to Revocation programs in the community • Shorten probation and parole terms • Incentivize good behavior • Eliminate incarceration for technical violations • Realign savings to community programs

  22. resources • The Pennsylvania Community Corrections Story. April 2018 • Too Big to Succeed: The impact of the growth of community corrections and what should be done about it. January 2018 • Less is More in New York: An Examination of the Impact of State Parole Violations on Prison and Jail Populations. January 2018 • Statement on the Future of Community Corrections. August 2017 • Toward an Approach to Community Corrections for the 21st Century. July 2017

  23. For more information The Wisconsin Community Corrections Story: https://bit.ly/2AXec6b @CUJusticeLab

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