Topic 4 Environmental Management Systems

1. Topic 4Environmental Management Systems Chapter 32

2. The Concept

3. So, what exactly are they?

4. Developing an EMS • Create an environmental policy • Set objectives and targets • Implement a program to achieve objectives • Monitor and measure its effectiveness • Correct problems • Review the system to improve it and overall environmental performance

5. Standard A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as a rule, guideline or definition of characteristics to ensure that materials, processes products and services are fit for their purpose

6. EMAS: Eco-Management and Audit Scheme • currently voluntary but could become mandatory • site-based and originally confined to industrial activities but has been extended to any organization that has an impact on the environment • makes adherence to a formal EMS and auditing mandatory and requires that organizations make independently verifiable public statements about their environmental performance

7. EMAS – Specific Objectives • promote continuous improvements in environmental performance by establishing policies, programs and management systems; • perform systematic, objective, and periodic evaluation of these elements; • provide relevant information about these activities to the public

8. EMAS Requirements • Adopt an environmental policy • Conduct an environmental review • Set environmental objectives • Introduce an environmental program and EMS • Set-up an environmental auditing program • Prepare an environmental statement

9. ISO 14000 • 1979: ISO 9000 – management standards for quality management and quality assurance systems • 1991: investigation into whether an international environmental standard could: • Promote a common approach to environmental management • Enhance an organization’s ability to attain and measure improvements in environmental performance • Facilitate trade and remove trade barriers • 1993: Preparation of separate ISO after concluded that the knowledge required for EM is distinct enough to warrant

10. Evaluation & Auditing Tools Management System Standards Product Support Tools Life Cycle Assessment ISO 14040 ISO 14041 ISO 14042 Environmental Labelling ISO 14020 ISO 14021 ISO 14024 Auditing Guidelines ISO 14010 ISO 14011 ISO 14012 Environmental Performance Evaluation Guidelines ISO 14031 EMS Specification ISO 14001 EMS Guide ISO 14004 * * * Terms and Definitions ISO 14050 Environmental aspects of product standards Guide 64 To be used by other standards writers

11. 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 4.0 Specification 4.0 General 4.2 Environmental policy 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Environmental aspects 4.3.2 Legal & other requirements 4.3.3 Objectives & targets 4.3.4 Env mgt program 4.4 Implementation and operation 4.4.1 Structure & responsibility 4.4.2 Training, awareness, & competence 4.4.3 Communication 4.4.4 EMS documentation 4.4.5 Document control 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness & response 4.5 Checking and corrective action 4.5.1 Monitoring & measurement 4.5.2 Non-conformance & corrective & preventive action 4.5.3 Records 4.5.4 EMS audit 4.6 Management review ISO 14001 Specification

12. Commitment & Environmental policy Management review Planning Continual Improvement Implementation and operation Checking and corrective action

13. Environmental Policy • Statement of intentions and principles in relation to overall environmental performance • Provides a framework for setting and reviewing environmental goals and objectives

14. Planning • Identify environmental aspects of activities, products and services • Determine which are associated with significant environmental impacts • Identify and track legal and other applicable requirements • Establish objectives and targets • Establish an EMS

15. Activity Aspect Impact Handling oil or hazardous materials Accidental spillage Contamination of soil or water Product Aspect Impact Countless electrical devices Electricity use Contribution to global warming & air pollution Service Aspect Impact Vehicle maintenance Release of VOCs Air pollution Identifying Aspects and Impacts

16. Likelihood of Occurring Consequences of Occurring Significance Low Low High Low Low High High High Evaluating Significance

17. Data Analysis Tools

18. Legal & Other Requirements • What might be: • legal requirements? • other requirements? • How could they be tracked?

19. Objectives and Targets Need to: • reflect environmental policy and the identified significant impacts • consider financial, operational, and business requirements • be set by the organization for each relevant function and level of the organization • be specific • be achievable • where practicable, be quantifiable • have deadlines

20. Which is which? • Reduce the use of chemical solvents and substitute biodegradable cleaners • Reduce the use of chemical solvents 80% by 2004

21. EMS Must: • designate responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level • provide the means for fulfilling objectives and targets • designate a time frame within which they will be achieved

22. Commitment & Environmental policy Management review Planning Continual Improvement Implementation and operation Checking and corrective action

23. Implementation & Operation • Structure and responsibility • Training, awareness and competence • EMS documentation • Document control • Operational control • Emergency preparedness and response

24. Checking & Corrective Action • Measure, monitor and evaluate environmental performance • If problems occur, apply corrective action • Maintain environmental records to demonstrate conformance of EMS to ISO 14001 • Audit the EMS

25. Management Review • Ensure EMS’ continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness • Consider audit results, changing circumstances, commitment to continual improvement • Address possible changes to policy, objectives

26. Benefits international standards help level the playing field reduce duplicity, conflicting requirements of different markets satisfy stakeholder interests lower insurance rates-due diligence internal benefits - reduce costs pollution prevention, not end-of-pipe Concerns increased costs create trade barriers does not ensure better environmental performance registration issues – inconsistent interpretation of standards ISO 14001

27. Criticisms of ISO 14000 • Does it help implement Agenda 21 or any international environmental convention? • Can ISO 14001 become an international trade standard without operative participation from governments or NGOs? • How will an ISO14001 certified company demonstrate that it has good environmental performance? • How do governments, workers, and the public get access to the environmental information prepared by an ISO 14001 certified company?

28. Component EMAS ISO 14001 Develop an environmental policy Yes Yes Conduct preliminary environmental review Yes No Set targets Yes Yes Develop an environmental program Yes Yes Conduct environmental audits Yes Yes of EMS only Publish an environmental statement Yes No Make program publicly available Yes No Obtain independent validation Yes Yes Produce register of effects Yes No but register of aspects similar & id legal requirements Control contractors and suppliers Yes No Certifiable organizations All kinds All kinds Developed by European Committee for Standards ISO Recognized In Europe Worldwide EMAS vs. ISO 14001

29. ISO Certification Numbers Source:ISO

30. Source:ISO

31. Other Relevant Initiatives • OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program • CERES • Agenda 21 • Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award