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BODY PLANES

Explore fixed lines dividing the body for perspective, directional terms for orientation and main body cavities for vital organs. Practice identifying regions and quadrants for anatomical location.

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BODY PLANES

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  1. BODY PLANES

  2. BODY PLANES • Fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned • Allows for a three-dimensional perspective

  3. MEDIAN orMIDSAGITTAL PLANE • Divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves

  4. FRONTAL orCORONAL PLANE • Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

  5. TRANSVERSE PLANE • Divides body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts

  6. DIRECTIONAL TERMS

  7. ANATOMICAL POSITION • Standing erect • Facing forward • Arms at side • Palms forward

  8. ANTERIOR/VENTRAL • Means to the front (belly) side of the body

  9. POSTERIOR/DORSAL • Means the back side of the body

  10. SUPERIOR Above another structure

  11. INFERIOR • Below another structure

  12. LATERAL • Means to the side

  13. MEDIAL • Means middle or near the medial plane

  14. PROXIMAL • Means near the point of attachment to the trunk

  15. DISTAL • Means away from the point of attachment to the trunk

  16. Let’s Practice!

  17. DEEP VS.SUPERFICIAL

  18. BODY CAVITIES

  19. BODY CAVITIES • Spaces within the body containing vital organs • Two MAIN Cavities • Dorsal – (posterior) on the back side of the body • Cranial – holds the brain • Spinal Cavity – holds the spinal cord

  20. BODY CAVITIES Two MAIN Cavities • Ventral – (anterior) on the belly side of the body • Thoracic – holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels • Abdominal – holds organs of the digestive & urinary systems • Stomach, small intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, & part of the large intestine • Pelvic – contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remaining part of the large intestine & the appendix

  21. REGIONS

  22. REGIONS • Abdominal cavity is divided into nine regions • Regions are used to describe the location of the organ, injury or pain

  23. EPIGASTRIC • Upper, center area above the stomach

  24. UMBILICAL • The region surrounding the umbilicus

  25. HYPOGASTRIC • Area just below the umbilical region

  26. HYPOCHONDRIAC • Just below the ribs, immediately over the abdomen • On either side of the epigastric region • A left and a right side

  27. LUMBAR • Near the waist • On either side of the umbilical region • A left and a right side

  28. ILIAC or INGUINAL • Located near the upper portion of the hipbone • On either side of the hypogastric region • A left and a right side

  29. QUADRANTS

  30. QUADRANTS • A simpler way to divide the abdominal cavity is into QUADRANTS

  31. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) • On the right anterior side • Contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract

  32. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) • On the right anterior side • Contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, female reproductive organs and the urinary tract

  33. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) • On the left anterior side • Contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas and intestines

  34. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) • On the left anterior side • Contains parts of the intestines, reproductive organs of the female and the urinary tract

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