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Chapter 3 The Cell

Chapter 3 The Cell. 3.1. Our understanding of the cell grew as microscope quality improved. Cell Theory. Mainly Schleiden , Schwann, Virchow All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other cells The cell is the most basic unit of life. General Cell Characteristics.

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Chapter 3 The Cell

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  1. Chapter 3The Cell

  2. 3.1 • Our understanding of the cell grew as microscope quality improved.

  3. Cell Theory • Mainly Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow • All organisms are made of cells • All existing cells are produced by other cells • The cell is the most basic unit of life.

  4. General Cell Characteristics • Tend to be microscopic • Enclosed in a membrane • Filled with cytoplasm

  5. Types of cells • Prokaryotic • No nucleus • No membrane bound organelles • Like bacteria • Eukaryotic • Nucleus • Membrane bound organelles • Like not bacteria

  6. 3.2 • Cells have an internal structure

  7. Cytoskeleton • Support and shape • Position and transport organelles • Strength • Assists in cell division • Cell movement

  8. Nucleus • Stores genetic information • Control center of the cell

  9. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transport • Rough: has ribosomes for processing proteins • Smooth: no ribosomes, process lipids and carbohydrates

  10. Ribosomes • Made of rRNA • Form proteins

  11. Golgi apparatus • Golgi bodies • Packaging and shipping

  12. Vesicles • Membrane bound sacks • Storage

  13. Mitochondria • Energy

  14. Vacuoles • Like little warehouses • Storage

  15. Lysosomes • Waste disposal • Digest material

  16. Centrioles • Tubes in centrosomes • Help in mitosis • Form cilia and flagella

  17. Plant cell parts • Chloroplasts: where photosynthesis occurs • Have a cell wall of cellulose for support

  18. 3.3 • Cell membrane

  19. Functions • Enclose cell like a fence does • Controls passage of stuff like a fence does

  20. Structure • Phospholipidbilayer • Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may be imbedded in the membrane • The fluid mosaic model

  21. Selectively permeable • Lets some stuff in, keeps other stuff out. Kinda like a fence does

  22. Receptors • A substance can bind to its receptor • Causes an action on the other side of the membrane

  23. 3.4 • Stuff can move across cell membranes

  24. Transport • Passive: just happens • Active: requires energy

  25. Passive transport • Diffusion: stuff diffuses from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration • Osmosis: diffusion of water

  26. Three types of solutions • Hypotonic: • Lower concentration • Water moves out of cell • Hypertonic • Higher concentration • Water moves out of cell • Isotonic • Same concentration • No net movement of water

  27. Examples

  28. Facilitated diffusion • Some molecules can only diffuse through transport proteins. • Facilitated diffusion is diffusion through transport proteins. • Revolving door

  29. 3.5 • Some transport requires energy

  30. Active transport • Requires energy • Goes against a gradient

  31. Types • Pumps • Endocytosis: takes material into the cell • Pinocytosis: cell drinking • Phagocytosis: cell eating • Exocytosis: expels material from the cell

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