Human Geography of South America

1. Human Geography of South America • History and Government • The Inca Empire’s wealth and highly developed infrastructure attracted Spanish conquistadors. • Portuguese, British, French, and Dutch settlers also established colonies, which drastically reduced indigenous populations. • In the 1800s, independence movements led by Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín emerged. • Dictatorships dominated the postcolonial period. • Today, democratically elected governments struggle with economic and social justice issues.

2. Human Geography of South America • Population Patterns • The once-high population growth has moderated. • Most people live in cities in the coastal regions where there is a favorable climate, fertile land, and access to transportation. • Highly populated urban areas make finding jobs and affordable housing difficult for migrants. • South America is experiencing brain drain to North America and Europe, which is the loss of many highly educated and skilled workers.

3. Human Geography of South America • Society and Culture Today • South America is a blend of native, European, Asian, and African languages and traditions. • The majority of people are Roman Catholic, though less common religions include Protestantism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Shinto, Islam, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. • The quality of education and health care varies greatly from country to country and from urban to rural areas. • Indigenous crafts, art, and architecture reflect the history of the native cultures.

4. Human Geography of South America • Economic Activities • Oil resources, agriculture, and mining of the abundant natural resources all contribute to South America’s economic development. • Manufacturing is growing rapidly, but physical geography influences commercial activity. • Many countries in the region are still considered developing countries. • Increased cooperation between countries through trade partnerships and infrastructure is improving economic growth.