Presentation Transcript

1. The Cold War

2. What was the Cold War Political Tension btwn USA (West) vs. USSR (East) Cause: Ideological differences capitalism vs. communism Both thought the other wanted to force their beliefs on the world. Both were right Methods (how was this “war” fought): Espionage - CIA vs KGB spies (the stories are LEGION!) Arms Race –Both sides try to stockpile more weapons than the other. Result: Both sides have enough to destroy the world several times over. Third World – both sides tried to influence smaller nations, using money, politics and force Proxy wars – Although the USA and the USSR never fight each other, smaller wars occur – Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan
3. Post War Europe Europe becomes divided between Capitalism and Communism
4. Post War Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe Controlled by the Russians Eastern nations become “Satellite states” of the USSR Dependent economically Dependent politically Refused aid from USA It would interfere with independence Only Yugoslavia & Albania remain independent b/c they are both communists Controlled by USA Free elections lead to democracy Truman doctrine Promised $$$ to any country who needs it to fight communism Marshall Plan Offered $$$ to any European country trying to rebuild after the war Policy of Containment Accept communism where it exists But do NOT allow it to spread
5. Germany and Berlin Allies occupy Germany til 1955 Germany divides in 2 (1949) West Germany: becomes free and democratic East Germany: stays under the thumb of USSR Berlin also divided into East &West Berlin Airlift (1948) USSR blockades West Berlin Supplies are flown in for 10 months for 2.5 mill people Stalin backs down Berlin Wall (1961) USSR built it to stop people from escaping a weak Eastern Germany Many died trying to cross 127 miles , enclosed all of West Berlin
6. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain
7. Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
8. New Alliances form North Atlantic Treaty Org. Warsaw Pact (1955) Mutual defense treaty for Eastern Europe Mutual defense treaties between USA and mostly Europeans Other Treaties will add 35 nations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czech. E. Ger. Hungary Poland Rumania Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy And both sides position troops and weapons along the borders
9. New Technology fuels the fear 1945 – 1949: USA is the only Atomic power Both sides capture German scientists and put them to work making new weapons 1949 – Soviets get the bomb (thanks to spies) 1953’s – Hydrogen Bombs ( 1955 – Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) Mutual Deterrence – the idea that if we can both destroy the other, neither one will attack Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 1957 – Sputnik sends Americans into a near panic The beginning of the space race.
10. United Nations 1945 Purposes: preserve peace &human dignity General Assembly made up of representatives from all member nations Votes on all actions by the U.N. Secretary General runs the day-to-day business Security Council is the most important group 10 members chosen by the assembly 5 permanent member: US, Russia, Gbrit., France, China Anyone of these 5 can veto any recommendation to the GA The U.N. was not very effective during the cold war USA and USSR kept veto meaningful action
11. United NationsToday The U.N. is much more effective Provides support in Education, Science, Health, Culture, and Child protection Organizes international conferences on important topics such as AIDES Acts as Peacekeepers to settle conflicts and keep the peace Neutral nations donate military forces Monitors and sanctions potential threatening behavior using inspection, embargos and boycotts
12. Hot Spots in the Cold War China Korea Cuba Vietnam Afghanistan
13. China goes Red After WW 2, Civil War breaks out between the Nationalists and the Communists (Mao) Nationalists are unpopular due to corruption and very repressive policies, but the U.S supports them USA Fears spread of communism [containment!] Mao is very popular among the peasants Has promised land reform and an end to feudalism Gets some support from Russia
14. China goes Red Dec. 1949 – Mao defeats the Nationalists 2 million Nationalists flee to Taiwan Refuse to accept defeat The US finally acknowledge the Communist govt. in 1979 But Taiwan still claims to be the rightful capital of China Tensions btwn Taiwan & China remain high today And the question remains: Is there 1 China or 2?
15. Korea Russia attacks Japan on August 9, 1945 (same day as Nag.), 6 days before V-J day Russia wants Korea as a war prize Americans agree to divide Korea North K. becomes Communist South K. becomes Democratic Capitalist
16. Korea 1950 – N. Korea launches surprise invasion of S. Korea. Goal is to reunite Korea under communism U.N. responds with a coalition army U.S. led 17 countries flying the U.N. flag UN forces push all the way to China China then sends 1.3 million troops Pushes U.N. troops back 3 yr. Stalemate occurs at the about the 38thparrallel 1953 – Cease fire signed But never a peace treaty
17. Korea Today Has a long history of resisting western control Currently sanctioned for numerous weapons violations Probably has a dozen atom Has missiles with a 1800 mi. range Trying to build ICBMs Led by Kim Jong Un – 28 yr old Named supreme military leader, in 2012 Trying to earn the respect of his military Recently announced that the Cease fire is void Also vowed to restart its nuclear plant Paraded a single mid-range ICBM through the capital Analysts HOPE this is all a bunch of talk
18. Why did the chicken cross the road? Because North Korea’s long range missles cant get that far.
19. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
20. Cuba 1958 – Communist Fidel Castro overthrows a corrupt democratic govt. with USSR help 1961 - Bay of Pigs - failed CIA attempt to overthrow Castro 1962 – Russia puts nukes in Cuba Kennedy blocks Russian ships heading to Cuba USSR Ships turn away, nukes removed Russia removed the nukes USA agree to remove some European nukes & leave Castro alone Both sides agree to arms talks & the “Hot Line” Never has the world been so close to destruction
21. Vietnam Pre-WW 2: French Colony Post WW 2: Communist Ho Chi Min takes control before the French can return 1945-54: French & Communists war Treaty: divide into N (communist) & S (capitalist) elections in 2 years But the U.S. stops the elections when it is clear that the communists will win US advisors & Special Forces support South 1965 – USA sends in troops 1973 – USA agrees to withdraw 1975 – South falls, Vietnam re-unites as Communist
22. Afghanistan (USSR) 1978 – Marxists overthrow Afghan govt. Mujahedeen mounts Muslim counter-revolution Backed by the USA with money, training, weapons Includes BinLaden, early Taliban and al-Queda 1980 – USSR invades to prop up the communist govt. Becomes USSR’s Vietnam (can’t get out, cant win) USSR leaves after 10 years, Muslims win Weakened support for USSR govt. Contributed to USSR’s ultimate collapse
23. Gorbachev, Reagan and the Collapse the USSR. Ronald Reagan (1980) VERY hard line - Call USSR “the evil empire” But will turn friendly “Trust but verify” Mikhail Gorbachev becomes head of USSR (1985) Very open minded & progressive Glasnost : open transparency into USSR govt. Perestroika: econ. & govt. reform Several USSR satellites rebel Lech Walesa leads workers strike in Poland in 1988 Leads to political and economic reform As these countries pull away, the USSR votes to dissolve COLD WAR IS OVER! USA WINS!
24. Soviet Union dissolvesinto 15 nations