Presentation Transcript

1. The Cold War

2. Yalta
3. Yalta The Big Three: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
4. The Big Three- Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill Met throughout World War II to discuss strategy and the post-war world Met in: Teheran (Nov. 1943) Yalta (Feb. 1945) Potsdam (July 1945)
5. Goals Yalta, 1945 Decide the fate of Germany- US and Britain wanted a strong trading partner; USSR wanted to weaken Germany significantly US aid to Europe in the post-war; resisted by the USSR (dollar imperialism) Stalinization of Eastern Europe- Stalin’s plans for installing communist regimes was suspected (expansion of communism) Seeds of conflict arose due to the lack of a future common enemy (Germany and Japan)
6. Goals New world order- rise of the Superpowers (US and USSR), decline of British influence and power Spheres of influence carved out between the US and the USSR American involvement in the post-war world; no return to isolationism Concerns over Poland Democratic Polish government in London Communist government supported by the USSR Warsaw Uprising, 1945- Stalin’s intention of creating friendly “buffer states”
7. Goals "The peace of the world depends upon the lasting friendship of the three great powers, but His Majesty's Government feel we should be putting ourselves in a false position if we put ourselves in the position of trying to rule the world when our desire is to serve the world and preserve it from a renewal of the frightful horrors which have fallen upon the mass of its inhabitants." - Winston Churchill
8. The Iron Curtain “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.” - Winston Churchill

9. Detente

   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-aJoa_DyqU&feature=player_embedded
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis Brinksmanship: The practice of pushing a dangerous practice as far as possible without actually going to war. Once concessions are made, the participants are pulled away from the ‘brink’ of war.
11. Detente Refers to the period of time between 1962 and 1979 when the Soviet Union and the United States actively sought to relax tensions. Rapprochement – The bringing together, or re-establishment of amicable relations between two countries.
12. Detente The dichotomy between the Soviet Union and the United States becomes less pronounced, as the Soviet Union suffers an ideological break with China. European countries become increasingly stronger. The world is increasingly wary of nuclear standoff.
13. Henry Kissinger http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L4CG1-3IBo&feature=player_embedded&noredirect=1 A hallmark of the detent era. Negotiated many of the detent era agreements.
14. Reasons for Detente Tensions had escalated, pushing the two countries to the brink of war during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Continuing fear of nuclear strikes. The cost of maintaining the tension was too great.
15. Reasons for Detente – Soviet Union The Soviet Union was spending billions on the arms race. The Soviet government believed this pace to be unsustainable. The expenses of the arms race came at the cost of consumer products. The Soviet government was looking to open up better trade relations with the west.
16. Reasons for Detente – United States The Vietnam War, a protracted and costly war, was increasingly a strain on the American Economy and was becoming unpopular. The American government wanted to redirect money into social programs.
17. Detente - Diplomacy During the period of Detente trade and cooperation between the two countries increased.
18. The Hot Line Established 1963 after the Cuban Missile Crisis.
19. Detente - Diplomacy Partial Test Ban Treaty – 1963 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty – 1968 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks – 1969 Helsinki Accords – 1975 Soviet War in Afghanistan – 1979
20. Partial Test Ban Treaty - 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water. Banned all testing of nuclear weapons except for testing that occurred under ground. The treaty came as a result of worldwide public concern over the testing of Nuclear Weapons.
21. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Signed between the UK, America and the USSR. An agreement which stated these three powers agreed not to assist other states in obtaining them. There have been several states who have since developed nuclear weapons without incurring penalties.
22. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SALT I and SALT II, were signed by the United States and the USSR in 1972 and 1979, respectively. Designed to curtail the manufacture of strategic missiles carrying nuclear weapons. Intended to restrain the arms race.
23. Helsinki Accords Were put into place to ensure the status quo in Europe. Signed by all the countries of Europe as well as the U.S. and Canada.
24. Helsinki Accords The signatories pledged acceptance of the post World War II territorial boundaries in Europe. Respect Human rights. Allowed for cooperation in areas of economics, science etc....

25. The Collapse of the USSR

26. The End of the Cold War 1989 saw the end of the Cold War In the early 1980s the US began to ramp up their militarization as a response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This renewal of tensions after the period of Detente placed a strain on the Soviet system which led to the collapse of the system.
27. The End of the Cold War Glasnost and Perestroika, openness and restructuring are introduced in the Soviet Union.
28. The End of the Cold War
29. The End of the Cold War The ‘outer empire’ collapsed first. The ‘outer empire’ refers to Soviet satellite countries in Eastern Europe.
30. 1989 1989 saw the fall of communism in many eastern European countries.
31. 1989 Polish Solidarity movement. A labour union turned political party which gained legitimacy in Poland and led to the collapse of Soviet influence in Poland.
32. Czechoslovakia 1989 In Czechoslovakia the Velvet Revolution saw successful negotiations with the Soviet government, and the implementation of a transitional government. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPyKuGXppsA&feature=player_embedded#!
33. Germany
34. Germany was occupied by the four winning powers. Berlin was likewise split.
35. Germany 1989 August 1989 a large group of East Germans walk through Hungary to Austria (A westernized nation) Eventually 325, 000 German youth, students and academics would flee across the border. There were subsequent demonstrations for democracy.
36. Germany 1989 On November 9, 1989 the border control commanders were unable to control the crowds demonstrating on both sides of the wall. At 4 am, the German people breached the wall, and crossed over.
37. Germany 1989 http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/cold_war/clips/15245/

38. Lasting Ideological Conflict

39. North and South Korea Korea continues to be split by ideological conflict. The Korean war never really ended, the Armistice signed in 1953 was never ratified into a peace treaty. A demilitarized zone was established, known as the Military Demarcation Line.
40. North and South Korea Since the Armistice was signed, there have been numerous acts of aggression by North Korea. Ex: March 2010 North Korea was accused of attacking South Korea when it fired test missiles into the Yellow Sea (South Korea) and sunk a ship killing 46. This incident garnered significant international attention.
41. Cuba
42. Cuba An embargo was placed on Cuba in 1960. It was strengthened in 1962 after the Cuban missile crisis. It was continually strengthened until 2000.
43. Cuba In the 1980s Cuba experienced a downturn in the economy. Castro allowed anyone to leave Cuba. Many Cubans made their way to the U.S. Castro also released mental hospital patients and criminals, many of whom ended up in the U.S. as well.
44. Easing of Tensions In the aftermath of 2001’s Hurricane Michelle, the U.S. Agreed to sell food to Cuba. The U.S. is now Cuba’s main supplier of food. (710 million in 2008) In 2009 president Obama lifted travel restrictions for people with family still in Cuba. Obama also allowed to let telecommunications companies to pursue business in Cuba.
45. Easing of Tensions Raul Castro is more open to dialogue with the U.S.