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CORPUS LINGUISTICS STUDY OF SMS TEXT MESSAGING

Presentation on Thesis Dissertation. CORPUS LINGUISTICS STUDY OF SMS TEXT MESSAGING. November 23, 2011 Writer: Caroline Tagg Presenter: Mahbubur Rahman Advisor: Prof. Nilanjan Banerjee. Table of Contents. Introduction Background Motivation Language Variation & Role of CORPORA

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CORPUS LINGUISTICS STUDY OF SMS TEXT MESSAGING

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  1. Presentation on Thesis Dissertation CORPUS LINGUISTICS STUDY OF SMS TEXT MESSAGING November 23, 2011 Writer: Caroline Tagg Presenter: Mahbubur Rahman Advisor: Prof. Nilanjan Banerjee

  2. Table of Contents • Introduction • Background • Motivation • Language Variation & Role of CORPORA • CORPUS Compilation • Respelling in Text Messaging • Spoken grammar, Text Grammar • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • SMS • Short Message Service • Generally known as Text in USA

  4. Objectives • Three main objectives • Methodological • address the challenges and decisions raised by the compilation, storage & exploitation of text messages • Explore effective procedures for identify and retrieving features for analysis • Empirical • Provide empirical data • Substantiate and refine previously-made assertion • Theoretical • Finding way of resembling texting and spoken language • The linguistic features which deifnes texting as a language variety

  5. Motivation • Texting • Significance is continuously growing as a academic interest • Little Attempt in in-depth linguistics description • No of Texting is increasing at a rapid rate Source: www.text.it/mediacentre/

  6. Motivation • Research into Texting • Increasing number of mobile user all over the world • Need Corpus of Txt • CorpTxt is the language of Texting • Sociocultural Role of Texting • Multidisciplinary field emerged based on based on mobile and computer mediated media • Theoretical perspective and methodologies of social science & humanities are employed on new media • There is no based on text messaging data • Linguistics of texting • Data based investigation focused on spelling variation • Linguistics exploration of text messages is limited in previous studies • Unconventional spelling creates a gap

  7. Motivation • Research into Texting • Communicative functions • Most studies showed that the function of texting is interpersonal • The number of analysis lack of corpus data of texting • Need a Corpus of texting to analysis the variation and diversity of texting • Forensic Research • Multidisciplinary field emerged based on based on mobile and computer mediated media • Theoretical perspective and methodologies of social science & humanities are employed on new media • There is no based on text messaging data • Linguistics of texting • Data based investigation focused on spelling variation • Linguistics exploration of text messages is limited in previous studies • Unconventional spelling creates a gap

  8. Language Variation & Role of CORPORA • Spoken & Writing Varieties • Language Variation • The language domain is always large & diverse • same people produced different language in different situation • Language is shaped by three categories-topic, purpose and interrelation • Texting study can be on two points-speech-writing dichotomy, spectrum &Multidimensional analysis of writing-speech • Speech-Writing Dichotomy

  9. Language Variation & Role of CORPORA • Spoken & Writing Varieties • Spectral & Multidimensional Model of Speech & Writing • Varies on situation, inter-relation and purpose • Particular text types can’t be always presented in particular modality • But it can be clustered based on different linguistics feature • Frequency plays important role in clustering text language

  10. Corpus compilation: Challenges & Consideration • Corpus Specification(CorTxt) • Data • Bibliography composition • Relatively small • Representative

  11. Respelling in Text Message • Spelling • Used instead of Orthography for Texting purpose • Pattern of Spelling Variation • Reflecting Spoken Language through Spelling • Spelling system • Orthographies using alphabet is usually phonetic • Language sound is not always accurate but reflecting across language • <v> is virtually always pronounced /v/; <igh> is usually /aɪ/. • Colloquial Contraction • Reduced or contracted written form • Example- going to -> gonna; go to -> gotta • Reflecting Speech mean • Respelling are chosen to reflect pronunciation • Sound is not ultimate purpose • It’s a kind of ‘eye dialect’

  12. Respelling in Text Message • Pattern of Spelling Variation • Visual representations of meaning • Shape of words • Writing is not just written down speech • Reformists & public often in their spelling try to represents sounds • Respelling cannot be just simply attempts to reflect sound. • Should be arise from the unconventional shape of words • Phonetic Spelling • Eye dialect • Irregular standard spelling corresponding to particular sound • Example-enuf,frum, cum, tu, yu,ur • Technology constraint & abbreviation • Early Europe saved printing cost using concise word • Telegram like language need concise language • Linguistic economy-RAM, ROM, HDD

  13. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Previous studies on Texting • Existing research and media used abbreviated texting • Example- • THX (thanks); MSG (message); XLNT (excellent); B4 (before); C U l8r (see you later); c%l (cool) • Different researcher researched on this and have made abbreviated dictionary • Overview of CorTxt • Absence of unconventional spelling in sorter Texting

  14. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Overview of CorTxt • Presence of unconventional spelling in long message • Colloquial contraction in respelling • Methods • Challenges in identifying and categorizing respellings • Standard form is generally most frequent • For example, are (with 1,054 occurrences) was considered the headword of a group comprising r (422 occurrences) and ar (2) • For some worlds it is different • For Example-

  15. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Methods • Ambiguous or ‘Shared’ respelling • One word is respelled for more than two referent • For example-2 can refer to : to, too, two, 2; and ur can refere your, you’re • Sometimes it comes shared spelling

  16. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Methods • Ambiguous or ‘Shared’ respelling • Some are difficult to understand • For example-Wk could be work or week • Hapaxes and misspelling • Some abbreviation are written only once but included in Cortxt • Hapaxes are useful for language

  17. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Results & Discussion • Spelling Groups • Texters always respell common words such as you(u, ya, ya, yer) • Analyzing 250 headwords the respelling is found as below

  18. Respelling in Text Message • Respelling in Texting • Results & Discussion • Form of Spelling variation • Text can be grouped into four categories • Letter substitution, letter omission, letter appellation and letter transposition • thanx can be described as the ‗substitution‘ of <ks> with <x> • jst as the ‗omission‘ of <u>; • soooo as the ‗appellation‘ of <o> • In plz, for example, the <s> is replaced by <z> • The function behind spelling variation • Colloquial contractions as n, av, yer, wiv etc • Colloquial respellings include goodo, pleasey, nope • Regiolectal respelling include summat, summort, sumfing • Phonetic spelling include 2, 4, u,b,c, gud, woz, coz • Abbreviations include tomo, cause and bout

  19. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Use of Spoken Grammar • Texted grammar cannot be fully explained using the Spoken Grammar • Extended spoken grammar can be used to analyze the texting • Models incorporating Spoken Grammar • Systematic functional Approach to Casual Conversion • Concern with interpersonal, alongside other language functions • Used for clause analysis • Used to relate grammatical structure to function and social context • A Grammar of Speech • Speakers functions is defined by grammar • Driven specifically by considering speech and how participants involved in speaking • Corpus Approach • Overcome the limitation of Systematic and grammatical approach • Account for naturally occurring features of speech • Works within or around traditional structure rather than building a theoretical grammar • Non-existing categories are described as functional and purposeful in speech

  20. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Text Grammar • Features of conversational speech can be found in texting • Ellipsis is not found in speech but found in texting • Texters may be motivated by other purpose or affordances of medium • Clause Combination • Overview • Based on CorTxt • Focuses on relationships between clauses • One-clause unit • One clause text • 19% text are of this kind • Most of them are exclamation or questions

  21. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Clause Combination • Speech-like clause combination • Based on CorTxt • Focuses on relationships between clauses • Clause in speech strung together using connectives such as ( and , but, because) • Limited to 2 to 8 clause sentences • Mid position tag-question & wh-fronting also found in texting Clauses are divided by |, and units with ||.

  22. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Clause Combination • Text-Specific clause combination • Differ from speech like clause prototype • 38% of texting of CorTxt are of this kind • Comprises of several units • Some may have only one clause Clauses are divided by |, and units with ||.

  23. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Situational Ellipsis • Speech-like ellipsis • Initial elements of phrases and declarative clauses omitted • Omitted elements are shown using * Clauses are divided by |, and units with ||.

  24. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Situational Ellipsis • Subject ellipsis • Usually pronoun elision is limited in spoken language context. • In the texting, pronouns is mission for multiple times Clauses are divided by |, and units with ||.

  25. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Situational Ellipsis • Medial Ellipsis • Non-speech-like way across CorTxt. • ‘be’ is omitted while subject is present Clauses are divided by |, and units with ||.

  26. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Deixis • Inclusion of words based on speakers place, time and listener • Important feature in functional grammar • Deictic reference is advarbs (here, now, then), pronouns(I, we, me) etc • Deixis is also observe in texting • Reference to Time • 75% of this in CorTxt refer explicit period or points of time

  27. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Deixis • Reference to Place • Less percentage of time ‘this’ is used for referring place • Reference to medium and the interaction • A little percentage of time this is used to refer the medium itself

  28. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Header & Tails • The term introduced by Carter & McCarthy • Determine non-clausal items placement together with clause • Mainly noun phrase and repeated within clause with a pronoun • Reference to medium and the interaction • A little percentage of time this is used to refer the medium itself

  29. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Vogue Language • Vogue Expression in speech • Vogue terms are purposeful and prevalent in language • Used to softens the declarative or authoritative statement • Sort of, kind of, well etc are some example of vogue expression • Vogue expression in texting • Spoken vogue expression also present in texting

  30. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Fixed Tag • Questions tag • Does not change in form • Used to confirm that something is agreed • Rightand yeah are mainly used in Texting

  31. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Response Token • Usually precede further comment or statement • Usually form part of longer term

  32. Spoken Grammar, Texted Grammar • Discourse Markers • Organizing discourse • Marking topic boundaries • Functional –anyway, cos, btw, fine, good, great etc • Clausal item-you know, I mean etc

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