1 / 61

Text linguistics

Text linguistics. “Text”. the spoken or written evocation of an event or series of events (p.193). Missing the typographical boat. In written communication, the text is almost all there is. (p.180). Missing the typographical boat. In written communication, the text is almost all there is.

ursula
Download Presentation

Text linguistics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Text linguistics English 306A; Harris

  2. “Text” • the spoken or written evocation of an event or series of events • (p.193) English 306A; Harris

  3. Missing the typographical boat • In written communication, the text is almost all there is. • (p.180) English 306A; Harris

  4. Missing the typographical boat • In written communication, the text is almost all there is. • (p.180) Wrong English 306A; Harris

  5. Typeface Weight Space Proximity Shape Size Colour Medium …. Missing the communication-design (RPW/RCD) boat English 306A; Harris

  6. Textual function = Weaving function The elements and dimensions of language that serve to weave a discourse together. English 306A; Harris

  7. Weave Material Pattern Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms English 306A; Harris

  8. Cohesion Coherence Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms Texture English 306A; Harris

  9. Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms • Cohesion (elements) • achieved by formal devices, usually lexico-syntactic • semasiological • Coherence (dimensions) • achieved by conceptual devices (‘ideas’) • onomasiological English 306A; Harris

  10. Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms Form • Cohesion (elements) • achieved by formal devices, usually lexico-syntactic • semasiological • Coherence (dimensions) • achieved by conceptual devices (‘ideas’) • onomasiological Content English 306A; Harris

  11. Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms Semasiology • Cohesion (elements) • achieved by formal devices, usually lexico-syntactic • semasiological • Coherence (dimensions) • achieved by conceptual devices (‘ideas’) • onomasiological Onomasiology English 306A; Harris

  12. A text • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  13. IterationCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  14. ReferentialCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  15. Balance (symmetry, parallelism, isocolon)Cohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract morefrom your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heartfrom whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  16. Functional linkingCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour thanwhen you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  17. IterationCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are heldyourdefensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  18. Iteration-PolyptotonCohesion • It is true (Ladies) yourtongues are heldyourdefensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales yourtongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  19. English 306A; Harris

  20. Cohesion / Coherence • Cohesion (& coherence) • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Coherence (low cohesion) • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  21. Cohesion without coherence (?) • A week has seven days.Every day I feed my cat.Cats have four legs.The cat is on the mat.Mat has three letters. English 306A; Harris

  22. Cohesion/ Coherence • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  23. Cohesion / Coherence SubordinatorA word that puts one clause into a specific syntactic relationship with another clause (i.e., a subordinate relationship); functional linking. • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, becausehe’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  24. Cohesion / Coherence • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. Shysters have low credibility. Trust requires credibility. English 306A; Harris

  25. Cohesion / Coherence • Cohesion • Knowing the words and/or structure • Semasiological • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. • Coherence • Knowing the ideas, the reasoning, the meaning • Onomasiological English 306A; Harris

  26. Text LinguisticsCohesion / Coherence • Cohesion--formal, semasiological • Structural • Iteration (phrasal, lexical, morphological, phonetic), balance (iteration of structure), functional linking (coordination and subordination) • Coherence—conceptual, onomasiological • Referential • Topical; definite, indefinite • Relational • Paratactic (among nuclei) • Hypotactic (between nucleus and satellite[s]) • Proformal • Anaphoric, cataphoric, elliptical English 306A; Harris

  27. Referential coherence--Topical • When the Star-Belly Sneetches had frankfurter roasts • Or picnics or parties or marshmallow toasts, • They never invited the Plain-Belly Sneetches. • They left them out cold, in the dark of the beaches • They kept them away. Never let them come near. • And that’s how they treated them year after year. English 306A; Harris

  28. Referential coherence--Topical • When the had frankfurter roasts • Or picnics or parties or marshmallow toasts, • They never invited . • They left them out cold, in the dark of the beaches • They kept them away. Never let them come near. • And that’s how they treated them year after year. English 306A; Harris

  29. Referential coherence--Topical • When the had frankfurter roasts • Or picnics or parties or marshmallow toasts, • They never invited . • They left them out cold, in the dark of the beaches • They kept them away. Never let them come near. • And that’s how they treated them year after year. English 306A; Harris

  30. Referential coherence Proformal (not content words) • When theStar-Belly Sneetchesihadjfrankfurter roasts • Or ØiØjpicnics or Øi Øjparties or Øi Øj marshmallow toasts, • Theyi never invited the Plain-Belly Sneetchesk. • Theyi left themk out cold, in the dark of the beaches • Theyi kept themk away. Øi Never let themkcome near. • And that’s how theyi treated themk year after year. i k English 306A; Harris

  31. Referential coherence--Topical • Prominence • Star-Bellies—focus • SB’s actions—topic • and/or • Plain-Bellies—focus • PB’s treatment—topic • SB’s/PB’s perspectives • (actions vs. feelings) English 306A; Harris

  32. Referential coherence • Phrasal • Identical • Partial • Proformal • Anaphoric • (Cataphoric) • Elliptical English 306A; Harris

  33. Referential coherence / Iterative cohesionPhrasal (content words, not proforms) • Identical (full iteration) • Star-Belly Sneetches… blah blah blah … Star-Belly Sneetches • Plain-Belly Sneetches… blah blah blah … Plain-Belly Sneetches • Sylvester McMonkey McBean… blah blah blah … Sylvester McMonkey McBean English 306A; Harris

  34. Referential coherence / Iterative cohesion Phrasal (content words, not proforms) • Partial (reduction) • Star-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Star-Bellies … • Sylvester McMonkey McBean…blah blah blah … McBean • Partial (paraphrase) • Star-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Sneetches with stars • Plain-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Sneetches without [stars on their bellies] English 306A; Harris

  35. Referential coherence Proformal (not content words) • Star-Belly Sneetchesi • Anaphoric • Theyinever invited … • Elliptical • Øi never let them … English 306A; Harris

  36. Referential coherenceProformal (not content words) • Cataphoric • Theyi… Star-Belly Sneetchesi English 306A; Harris

  37. Referential coherence Proformal (not content words) • Cataphoric • And he laughed as he drove • In his car up the beach • “Theyi never will learn. • No. You can’t teach a sneetchi!” English 306A; Harris

  38. Referential coherenceProformal (not content words) • Cataphoric • Then I was deep within the woods • When, suddenly, I spied themi. • I saw a pair of pale green pantsi • With nobody inside themi! English 306A; Harris

  39. Relational coherence • So they clambered inside. Then the big machine roared. • And it klonked. And it bonked. And it jerked. And it berked. • And it bopped them about. But the thing really worked! • When the Plain-Belly Sneetches popped out, they had stars! • They actually did. They had stars upon thars. Local conceptual relations--between two, or a few, proximal clauses. English 306A; Harris

  40. Relational coherenceRestatement • So they clambered inside. Then the big machine roared. • And it klonked. And it bonked. And it jerked. And it berked. • And it bopped them about. But the thing really worked! • When the Plain-Belly Sneetches popped out, they had stars! • They actually did.They had stars upon thars. Nucleus Restatements A satellite which reformulates (paraphrases) the information given in the nucleus. English 306A; Harris

  41. Relational coherenceConcession • So they clambered inside.Then the big machine roared. • And it klonked. And it bonked. And it jerked. And it berked. • And it bopped them about.But the thing really worked! • When the Plain-Belly Sneetches popped out, they had stars! • They actually did. They had stars upon thars. Concessions Nucleus A satellite which concedes potential incompatibilities with the information presented in the nucleus. English 306A; Harris

  42. Relational coherence • Paratactic • Among elements of equal importance to the text; between nuclei • Hypotactic • Among elements in which one (the nucleus) is more important to the text, and the other (the satellite) extends it in some way. English 306A; Harris

  43. Relational coherenceParatactic relations • Now, the Star-Belly Sneetches • Had bellies with stars. • The Plain-Belly Sneetches • Had noneupon thars. • Contrast • theme, character Nuclei English 306A; Harris

  44. Relational coherenceParatactic relations Nuclei • Off again! On again! • In again! Out again! • Sequence • Narrative elements • Contrast • Plot development(equality of characters!) Nuclei English 306A; Harris

  45. Relational coherenceHypotactic relations • Nucleus • Utterance that contributes to the core of the text (the story, the argument, the instruction, …). • Satellite • Utterance that is peripheral to text, and which depends on a nucleus (that it extends, explains, frames, …) English 306A; Harris

  46. Hypotactic relations Nucleus and satellite • Then ONE day, it seems, … while the Plain-Belly Sneetches • Were moping and doping alone on the beaches, • Just sitting there wishing their bellies had stars … • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. English 306A; Harris

  47. Hypotactic relations Nucleus and satellite • Then ONE day, it seems, … while the Plain-Belly Sneetches • Were moping and doping alone on the beaches, • Just sitting there wishing their bellies had stars … • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. English 306A; Harris

  48. Hypotactic relations Nucleus and satellite • Then ONE day, it seems, … while the Plain-Belly Sneetches • Were moping and doping alone on the beaches, • Just sitting there wishing their bellies had stars … • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. Nucleus Satellites English 306A; Harris

  49. Nucleus and satellite Circumstance • Then ONE day, it seems, … while the Plain-Belly Sneetches • Were moping and doping alone on the beaches, • Just sitting there wishing their bellies had stars … • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. Nucleus Satellites Circumstance English 306A; Harris

  50. Nucleus and satellite Circumstance • Then ONE day, it seems, … while the Plain-Belly Sneetches • Were moping and doping alone on the beaches, • Just sitting there wishing their bellies had stars … • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. Nucleus Satellites Circumstance A satellite which gives the framework in which the reader isintended to interpret the situation described in the nucleus. English 306A; Harris

More Related