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RADIOGRAPHY

RADIOGRAPHY. ACTIONS PRECUATIONS. REQUIREMENTS. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,FILM BADGE AND DOSEMETER MUST ALWAYS BE WORN SOURCES MUST NOT BE HANDLED WITH BARE HAND.HANDLING TOOLS CLAMPS OR REMOTE CONTROL DEVICES MUST BE USED.

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RADIOGRAPHY

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  1. RADIOGRAPHY ACTIONS PRECUATIONS

  2. REQUIREMENTS • PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,FILM BADGE AND DOSEMETER MUST ALWAYS BE WORN • SOURCES MUST NOT BE HANDLED WITH BARE HAND.HANDLING TOOLS CLAMPS OR REMOTE CONTROL DEVICES MUST BE USED.

  3. THE AREA OF RADIOGRAPHY MUST BE ISOLATED AND WARNING SIGNS, BLACK AND YELLOW WARNING TAPES, YELLOW FLAGS, RED/ AMBER BLINKING LIGHTS AND WARNING BOARD STATING ”RADIOGRAPHY IN PROGRESS DONOT ENTER” SHALL BE USED FOR BARRICADING THE AREA. ONLY CLASSIFIED WORKERS PERMITTED TO ENTER IN THESE RESTRICTED AREAS.

  4. SOURCES NOT IS USE MUST BE SECURILY STORED Wrong practice

  5. SOURCES MUST BE WITHDRAWN FROM STORE ONLY FOR THE MINIMUM TIME NECESSARY AND ONLY BY OR UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF AN AUTHORISED PERSON. • IT MUST ALWAYS BE TRANSPORTED IN THEIR PROTECTIVE CONTAINERS. • THE VEHICLE CARRYING THE SOURCE SHOULD HAVE WARNING BOARDS FIXED. • THEY SHOULD NOT DRIVE THE VEHICLE MORE THAN 90 kmph • THIS VEHICLE SHOULD NOT BE PARKED IN CONGUSTED AREAS.

  6. THE VEHICLE SHOUD NOT GET STUCK IN TRAFFIC JAM. • THE AMOUNT OF RADIATION TO WORK POSITIONS MUST NOT EXCEED PERMISSIBLE LEVELS. • ANY BEAM MUST BE DIRECTED AWAY FROM ADJACENT OCUPIED AREAS. • ANY USEFUL BEAM MUST BE LIMITED TO THE MINIMUM NECESSARY FOR THE WORK.

  7. REPORT IMMEDIATELY ANY BREAKAGE OF OR SUSPECTED LEAKAGE FROM A SEALED SOURCE. • IF YOU THINK A SOURCE HAS BEEN LOST OR MIS-LAID, REPORT THE MATTER IMMEDIATELY. • DO NOT TRY TO SOME ALTERATIONS OR REPAIRS IN THE EQUIPMENT IF YOU ARE NOT AUTHORISED.

  8. Radiological Incident February 20th, 1999

  9. Incident Synthesis Location Hydroelectric Construction Site in Yanango. Distance from Lima: 300km (East) District: San Román, Department of Junín. What Happened A non-authorised person unscrewed the screws of the security lock to free the radioactive source of a Gammagraph. No key is needed to remove the source, it can be done with an screwdriver.

  10. Equipment’s Characteristics Security Lock Type: SPEC T-2 Radionucleid: Ir192 Activity Max: 3.7 TBq

  11. Equipment’s Characteristics With a screwdriver, the safety lock can be removed and so the source is accessible

  12. Chronology • Welder • 4:00 pm: A worker (welder) finds the source of gammagraphy (192 Ir) abandoned in a water pipe. He puts it in the back pocket of his trousers. • He works for six hours with the source in his pocket and his assistant nearby • 10:00 pm: He leaves work, takes a bus and travels home (he felt little pain in his right leg). During his return, he travelled for 30 minutes with 15 people. • He thinks that the red skin is due to an insect sting. • His wife sat on the trousers for 10 minutes to feed their baby. Two kids slept nearby. • 11:00 pm: The welder, takes the trousers off the room.

  13. Chronology • Operator • 10:30 pm: The operator makes a gammagraphy. The radiation detector doesn’t detect any readings. He assumes the equipment is not working well and stop to have dinner. • 00:00 am: He enters the water pipe, checks the gammagraphy equipment and finds the no screws nor radioactive source. They start looking for the source. • 1:00 am: They find the welder in his house (February 21st). He gets out with the source in his hands. The operator hits the welders hand, throws the source to the street and puts a stone to cover it. • The source is recovered and secured in a container with iron walls 2” thick.

  14. Chronology What was done? Initially, the welder was hospitalised in the Cancer Centre of Lima. He was then sent to the Military Hospital “Precy de Claart” Grave Burns Treatment Centre in France.

  15. Consequences Overradiation: 1 Person Exposed: 18 People Effects on Leg (70 days after the incident 5/3/99) 16 Days After the incident 3/8/99 Effects on Leg (13:00pm 2/21/99)

  16. Consequences Severe Infection 12/14/99 Leg Amputation (10/18/99)

  17. What Went Wrong? Organisation - Procedures were not implemented. - Absence of Safety Culture in the Company’s Management. - Source inspection and measures were inadequate. - Lack of training and qualification of the operators. NATIONAL AUTHORITIES ESTABLISH: The evaluation of the authorisations and inspections should be developed by an experienced and trained team.

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