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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Reviewed by: AGNES Purwidyantri D0228005. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. To create products that improve tissue function or heal tissue defects. Replace diseased or damaged tissue Because…… Donor tissues and organs are in short supply

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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

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  1. Reviewed by: AGNES Purwidyantri D0228005 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

  2. To create products that improve tissue function or heal tissue defects. • Replace diseased or damaged tissue • Because…… • Donor tissues and organs are in short supply • We want to minimize immune system response by using our own cells or novel ways to protect transplant. The end goal:

  3. Regenerate • Identify the cues that allow for regeneration without scarring • Like growing a new limb • Repair • Stimulate the tissue at a cell or molecular level, even at level of DNA, to repair itself. • Replace • A biological substitute is created in the lab that can be implanted to replace the tissue or organ of interest Regenerate, repair and replace

  4. Aimed at certain diseases • Uses mostly only cells and no materials • Type I diabetes transplant of new pancreas cells • Adult stem cells for heart disease • Neuronal transplants for Parkinson’s disease • Bone marrow transplant for various blood cancers • Muscular dystrophy and polio Cell-based therapies

  5. Using well designed scaffolds and optimized cell growth, we can create tissues such as: • Skin • Bone • Cartilage • Intestine • These have been successfully engineered to some extent Tissue Engineering

  6. Not very far in development • Complex metabolic functions • Require multiple types of cells and intricate scaffolds • Liver • Heart • Lung • Kidney More complex organs

  7. Biological components--cells • Can be genetically modified to behave a specific way • Chemicals • that tell the tissue to regenerate • A non-biological component • Polymer scaffold • Fibers, plastic, other natural components • Gels Tissue-engineered products contain mixtures of the following:

  8. Various textures and materials Encourage cells to grow Allow nutrients to permeate Won’t harm the patient Scaffolds

  9. Remove cells from patient Grow in culture with or without biomaterials Give appropriate chemicals to make cells do what is needed Replace into patient Transplants that match the patient

  10. A new bladder • To make a bladder one need a scaffold and several different type of cells

  11. Bone repair • Obtain patient’s bone cells • From the hip • Seed onto scaffold • Implant scaffold • Use body as incubator • All appropriate growth factors available • Remove and implant in proper location

  12. http://www.livescience.com/php/video/player.php?video_id=organrepairhttp://www.livescience.com/php/video/player.php?video_id=organrepair Tissue Printing

  13. Inject into site of damage • heart damage • Muscular dystrophy • Texture, stiffness and chemicals in surroundings may influence injected cells Using adult stem cells

  14. Muscular Dystrophy • A genetic disorder that affects 1 in 3,500 males • Patients have trouble walking beginning in preschool and eventually die in their 20s due to weakened heart and lung muscles • Dogs with MD were given injections of healthy cells and were able to walk faster and even jump • Best results came by using stem cells from healthy dogs

  15. A virus attacks cells in the spinal cord • Signal no longer sent to muscles in the leg • Muscle wasting occurs • Stem cell treatment could • encourage new spinal neurons to grow • help new muscle to grow Polio

  16. Replacement cells for diabetes In vivo Islet of Langerhans in pancreas

  17. Engineering bone grafts • Change stem cells into bone cells • with proper growth factors in cell culture media • This scaffold can’t be too big or the cells inside will die since they will not get enough oxygen A 3D calcium phosphate scaffold From Becton Dickinson

  18. Replacement cartilage A close up image of cells in the replacement cartilage • Mimic usual cartilage environment • Cartilage cells • Collagenous scaffold • Doesn’t require extensive blood supply

  19. Artificial skin for ulcers and burns

  20. Neurons interfacing with computer • How do groups of neurons interact when stimulated? • Simple tasks performed • lead to better neural prosthetics • understanding of neural pathologies • even artificial intelligence • Not perfect: lab-grown neuron cultures tend to fire in bizarrely synchronized waves • echoing the neural patterns seen during epilepsy

  21. Artificial Vessels • Usually for by-pass operation http://popularmechanics.com/popmech/sci/tech/9805TUMDOM.html

  22. Thank You

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