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Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Outline of Presentation. What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies?

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Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

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  1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

  2. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  3. What is stem cell research? • Understand more about development, aging, disease • Experimental model systems • Prevent or treat diseases and injuries • Cell-based therapies • Pharmaceutical development • Includes testing and drug delivery

  4. Trachea transplantation:Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration

  5. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  6. Totipotent This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta Pluripotent This cell Can form the embryo Multi- potent Fully mature

  7. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) CellsGenetically engineering new stem cells Skin cells iPS cells

  8. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  9. Conception in a dish Day 1 In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination. They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus. The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out. Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg. They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

  10. Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

  11. Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Day 1

  12. Day 1

  13. Day 2

  14. Day 2

  15. Day 3

  16. Day 4

  17. Day 5 Embryonic Stem Cells

  18. At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7-14: Uterine implantation • Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form (no more pluripotent stem cells) • Days 14-21: Beginning of future nervous system • Days 21-24: Beginning of future face, neck, mouth, and nose • Weeks 3-8: Beginning of organ formation This picture is Week 5 • Week 5-8+: Now it’s called a fetus (no consensus on a single timepoint)

  19. Embryonic Development: Fish model Keller et al. 2008

  20. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  21. Symmetric cell division

  22. Asymmetric cell division • Self-renews • Differentiates Progenitor cell Stem cell Stem cell

  23. DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERENTIATION  SELF – RENEWAL 

  24. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  25. Matrix Molecules Self-Renewal Soluble Factors Other Cells Differentiation Signals to Stem Cells Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).

  26. Embryonic stem cells in the dish:How do we culture ES cells?

  27. Culture methods Yellow Red 7.0 - Neutral 8.4 – slightly basic pH 6.8 – slightly acidic

  28. Fluorescent imaging of embryonicstem cell colonies.

  29. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  30. Spinal cord injury:Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy Geron video: http://www.geron.com/grnopc1clearance/

  31. Stem cells for drug deliveryMore focused delivery, fewer side affects Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 NSCs injected (no tumor) NSCs injected (tumor) Shah et al. Dev Neurosci 2004

  32. Outline of Presentation • What is stem cell research? • What are the different types of stem cells? • Fertilization and embryonic development • What makes stem cells unique? • How do we culture stem cells? • What are examples of future stem cell therapies? • Conclusion and future directions

  33. Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies? • Pluripotent • Expanded developmental potential allows them to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot • Can proliferate indefinitely in culture • Easier to obtain than adult stem cells

  34. Science is discovering the unknown • Stem cell field is still in its infancy • Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old, adult stem cell research has 30-year head start • Holds hope for curing orimprovingtreatments for 70+ diseases How can you help to shape the direction of this field?

  35. Take our survey please! Students:  https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcell2010 Teacher: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcellteach2010

  36. If enough time! • Continue on to talk about chemical engineering.

  37. Chemical engineering or 3D • Cells can be grown in 2D • Some chemical engineers find new surfaces to grow cells on/in that promote proliferation or differentiation

  38. Free radical polymerization Free radical polymerization Interpenetrating Polymer Network Bsp-RGD (15) Saha, K et al. J Biomed Mater Res A. (2007) Harbers, G. M., et. al. Langmuir. (2005) Bearinger, JP et al., J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. (1998)

  39. Selecting for adhesion molecules • Grow Bacteria having adhesion molecules + stem cells Bacterium Bacterium Bacterium • Wash away non-adherent bacteria Stem Cell • Identify the molecules that stuck Bacterium Bacterium

  40. Free radical polymerization Free radical polymerization Stem cell Stem cell

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