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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s

Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s. Industrialization. Industrialization = industry = factories 2 phases of industrialization in Canada : Phase 1  1860-1900 Phase 2  1901-1929 1870-1901 :

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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s

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  1. Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s

  2. Industrialization • Industrialization = industry = factories • 2 phases of industrialization in Canada: • Phase 1  1860-1900 • Phase 2  1901-1929 • 1870-1901: • The National Policy helps Canadian factories do well  protects them against U.S. competition

  3. Industrialization • Artisans  makethings one at a time • Before the mid 1800s • Factories makes lots of thingsveryfast • MASS PRODUCTION • After the mid 1800s

  4. Industrialization • Industries / factoriesstartedusingSTEAM ENGINES • Steamengines made machines workFAST • LOTS of productscanbe made in one day • Steamenginesneeded lots of coalto power them

  5. Artisans  no machines Before the first stage of industrialization

  6. From Artisans to Industrialization

  7. Industrialization How didindustrializationhappen? Ingredients: • Cheap labour (workers) immigrants / french Canadianswere people whoworked for little money • Capital($$$)  money to invest in companies • Rawmaterials(wood, leather, etc.) • Transportation Railways / boats • Energy Coal / steamengines • A place to sell the products

  8. Industrialization • Whoprofitedfromindustrialization? • In Québec: Montréal • bigcity with a large population  « cheap labour » • Railwaysthatconnectwith the rest of Canada, • A port to shipproducts by boat • Rich people thatcaninvest money in industries (usually English people) • The province of Ontario (Toronto) alsobenefits a lot

  9. Montreal  access to ports and railways

  10. Factories  Using machines powered by steam engines

  11. Stitching collars on mens’ shirts (Montreal)

  12. Large factory in Montreal

  13. Machines powered by steam engines

  14. Investing money: Montreal Stock Exchange & Banks

  15. Industrialization Recap • Technologyused in factories = STEAM ENGINES workedusingcoal • Investments = Rich English men • Transportation = Railway and boats • Locations for factories = BIG CITIES LIKE MONTREAL • What kinds of factories? Leather, clothing, textiles, furniture, metalworks, steel • Sell to who? Canadians all over Canada • Workers = IMMIGRANTS & FRENCH CANADIANS = • “CHEAP LABOUR”

  16. Urbanization • Urbanization = Urban = Cities= People moving to cities • Citiesgettingbigger • Industrialization = more jobs in cities = more workersneeded • No work in rural areas (farms)  people move to cities to work in factories • Industrialization made people move to cities faster

  17. Urbanization • Living in cities difficultlife for most people in late 1800s • Living conditions in citieswerebad (1870s-1901) • Poor hygienic conditions • City services are not great garbage collection, sewer system, outdoortoilets.

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