Urbanization and Industrialization

1. Urbanization and Industrialization 2.0 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. 2.2 Describe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.

2. What city is this? Pomona

3. Why did cities grow so quickly in the 19th Century? • Less man power needed for agriculture • Proximity to raw materials • Technological advances • Transportation • Communication • Immigration

4. US CITIES WITH POPULATIONS OVER 10,000

6. Agriculture Industrialized A new era of agriculture mechanization 1900s Cyrus McCormick invents the first mechanical reaper, 1831.

7. Fewer farmers, more city people More food could be produced with less farmers Millions of people leave farms for jobs in the cities and new factories.

8. PROXIMITY TO RAW MATERIALS HELPED FUEL URBAN GROWTH What are raw materials? Include examples.

9. NEW INVENTIONS MADE RAPID URBAN GROWTH POSSIBLE

10. MAKING STEEL USING THE BESSEMER PROCESS HENRY BESSEMER INVENTOR OF THE BESSEMER PROCESS

11. ELEVATOR Made work in taller buildings possible. ELISHA OTIS INVENTOR OF THE FIRST PASSENGER ELEVATOR

12. RAPID MASS TRANSIT

13. MASS TRANSPORTATION MOVES UNDERGROUND WITH THE FIRST SUBWAYS

14. BROOKLYN BRIDGE Allowed New York to expand and become the largest and wealthiest city in the world

15. Communication by wire In 1835, Samuel Morse invented the Morse Codewhich used dots and dashes to transmit messages. In 1838 Congress funded construction of an experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, a distance of 40 miles. The first official message "What hath God wrought?" opened the completed line on May 24, 1844. Morse Code

16. Transatlantic Cable Telegraph The first cable crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Valentia Island, in western Ireland to Newfoundland. The Transatlantic cable connected North America with Europe, making communication possible in minutes rather than the usual days by ship. A stable connection was established in 1866 and more cables were laid down until the turn of the century. Cyrus W. Field played a crucial role in coordinating the transatlantic cable telegraph

17. Railroads • Companies could move raw materials or products easier and cheaper • Within a few decades of development, railroads became the most important method of moving goods and people.

18. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad on the city growth, 1877 • East and West united. • They allowed for delivery in shorter time at a lower cost. • Passengers and freight from the east coast could reach the west coast in a matter of days

19. 1877 transcontinental map of the Pacific R.R. and routes of overland travel to Colorado, Nebraska, the Black Hills, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, California and the Pacific Coast

20. WAVES OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS • 1815-1860----5 MILLION IMMIGRANTSMAINLY FROM ENGLAND, IRELAND, GERMANY, SCANDINAVIA, AND OTHER PLACES IN NORTHWESTERN EUROPE • 1865-1890----10 MILLION IMMIGRANTSMAINLY FROM NORTHWESTERN EUROPE • 1890-1914----15 MILLION IMMIGRANTSCAME FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE. THEY WERE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN, TURKISH, LITHUANIAN, RUSSIAN, JEWISH, GREEK, ITALIAN AND ROMANIAN

21. COMING TO AMERICA

22. NEW IMMIGRANTS TENDED TO MOVE WHERE THEY KNEW PEOPLE FROM THE OLD WORLD • Irish neighborhoods • German neighborhoods • Jewish neighborhoods • Etc.

24. IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS IN NEW YORK CITY: LATER HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

25. Summary • Make your city proud!