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Journey to the New World: Urbanization, Immigration, and the American Dream

Explore the push and pull factors driving industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the United States, from the lure of factory jobs and stable government to the harsh realities of overpopulated cities. Delve into the complexities of the Gilded Age with its societal divides, political machines, and challenges faced by new immigrants. Gain insights into the ethnic enclaves, class divisions, and urban problems that shaped this transformative era in American history.

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Journey to the New World: Urbanization, Immigration, and the American Dream

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  1. IndustrializationImmigrationUrbanization

  2. WHY? More factories = more workers…USA land of opportunity Why? People leaving farms for the city and factory jobs Resources Why? New immigrants flooded the cities in search of work. Why? People losing farms & going broke…Factory jobs pay more, “easier” life in cities

  3. People move to the US for better jobs, religious freedom stable government, and/or social advancement. People moved from rural areas to cities for jobs in factories OVER POPULATED CITIES POVERTY CRIME DISEASE results

  4. Push & Pull factors • Push Factor Reason(s) to leave ones birth country to live in a foreign country • Pull factors • Reason(s) a foreign country inspires people from their home country Get out Come here

  5. Immigration • Push Factors • Poverty • Worker Uncertainty • Political tyranny • Religious Oppression • Pull Factors • Land and Work • Better standard of living • Stable government • Opportunity for Social advancement

  6. Steerage • Why travel in these conditions? • Difficult & Expensive to get to US • What was the journey like • Travel was basic, cheap, crowded, miserable • Filthy cramped living conditions. • Trip took 7 to 21 days • RATS-LICE-Disease-Death

  7. Immigration E. & S. European Old Immigrants N & W Europe Asians European Latin America New Immigrants S & E Europe

  8. Ellis Island • Processing center for immigrants New York harbor • Frantic pace, Lost Identities, Health Inspections

  9. How the Political Machine Worked

  10. Urban Politics • Cities grow faster than government • Political Machine • Informal political group • Gain & keep power • Got things for the working class. • Jobs, homes, food, clothes, heat, protection, etc… • Positive note • Provided necessary services & helped assimilate the new city dwellers. • Party Bossreceived votes for Providing “things” • Once elected used political power for greed. • Grafts=getting money through dishonest or questionable means. • Bribes

  11. Tammany Hall William “Boss” Tweed • Tweed Courthouse • One of the most corrupt politicians in history • Grossly overpaid contractors for work • 13 million. • 180,000(2.5mil) for 3 tables & 40 chairs. • Imprisoned for corruption. Died. • Thomas Nast Political cartoons exposed corruption

  12. Nativist- English/Protestant descent Extreme dislike of foreigners Focused on Jews Catholics E. Europeans Asians Immigrants Worked for less money Were easily replaceable Had Communist & Anarchist ideas We were here first…Protect the American Worker

  13. Nativism • Labor Unions anti-immigration • Anti-Immigration Org • American Protective Association • Workingman’s Party of California • Chinese Exclusion Acts • Banned for 10 years • Chinese in US could not become citizens

  14. MARXIST Immigrants = revolution, communism,Anarchy • Communism ---> classless society • People control everything • Inspires Revolution • Anarchist • No government • Inspires Revolution ANARCHISTS

  15. Urban American Social Issues • Immigration • Urbanization • Gilded Age • Social Darwinism • Early Reform

  16. Urbanization: Ethnic Cities Positives Negatives Slow to assimilate to America culture Segregation led to violence Irish vs. Italians Polish vs. Russians Slow to learn ENGLISH Cant communicate Hard to find a job Basic needs • Lived with similar people who shared • Language • Customs • Culture • Sense of Security • Sense of Belonging

  17. Gilded Age • Coined by Mark Twain • Gilded = Covered in Gold • New Inventions • Skyscrapers • Electricity • Great wealth • Covered • Poverty • Crime • Corruption • Gap between rich and poor GILDED AGE

  18. Urban Problems • 4 Major Problems: • Overcrowding • Crime/Violence • Sanitation • Political Corruption

  19. Urbanization • Immigrants Lacked • Money • Cant buy land or farms • Education • Forced to stay in cities. • Long Hours • Little Pay • Poor Working conditions

  20. Urbanization • Cities • Overcrowding • Plumbing • Running water • Electricity • Cultural Centers • Museums • Libraries • Theaters

  21. Ethnic Cities • Gangs & Crime • 5 points • Promotes hostilities between other ethnicities & natives.

  22. Class Division • High Society • Wealthiest Families • Lived in the heart of the city. • Extravagant homes • Moved to the outskirts to avoid overcrowding….This happens again in the 1940s and 50s

  23. Class Division • Middle Class • Doctors • Lawyers • Teachers • Architects • “streetcar suburbs”

  24. Class Division • Working Class • Tenements • Unsanitary-diseases • Crowded- many families share housing • Dangerous-crime, alcohol, gangs

  25. Individualism • Belief that despite their origins, one could rise to as far as talent and commitment would take them.

  26. Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer • On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection” • Natural Selection – plant and animal evolution (survival of the fittest) • Social, Political & Economic issues • Laissez-faire • Rockefeller • Standard Oil • “I am rich because I am smarter and better.”

  27. Gospel of Wealth • Andrew Carnegie • Philanthropy • increase the well-being of society, by charitable aid or donations • Duty of the wealthy

  28. Political Reform • Patronage- Gov. jobs are given to the supporters of the winning party. ***(spoils system) • 1880 Garfield assassinated. • 1883 Pendleton Act- • Ended spoils system • Testing and competition.

  29. Urban Reform • Salvation Army- Welfare organization, offered aid and religious counseling to the poor. • YMCA- helped workers & poor through bible study, citizenship training & group activities.

  30. Early Reformers • Jacob Riis- Immigrant issues “How the Other Half Lives” • Jane Addams - Hull House • Settlement home for Immigrants, Women & Children • Lewis Hines - Child Labor • Robert Lafollette Political reformer. Laboratory of Democracy

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