Animal Behavior

1. Animal Behavior Chapter 5.1

2. What is Behavior? • A. Why do animals behave as they do? • 1. They are looking for food,avoiding predators and finding a mate. • B. Behavior = all of the Actions an animal performs.

3. Why is behavior important? • 1. A stimulus is a signal that causes an organism to react in some way. • 2. The organism’s reaction to the stimulus is a response. • 3. All animal behaviorsare caused by stimuli. • 4. Most behaviors help an animal survive or reproduce.

4. Instinctive Behavior • A. Instinct = a response to a stimulus that is inborn and that an animal performs correctly the first time • 1. Examples of Instinct: • a. kangaroo in mother’s pouch • b. earthworms crawl away from light • c. spiders spinning a web

5. Learning • A. Learning = the process that leads to changes in behavior based on practice or experience. • B. Learning includes Imprinting, Conditioning, Trial and Error And Insight Learning.

6. C. Learned behaviors are based on experienceso they are NOTdone perfectly the first time. • D. All learned behaviors depend in part on inheritedtraits passed on from parents to offspring.

7. Imprinting • Imprinting is a learned behavior. • 1. Imprinting happens when newly hatched birds and newborn mammals recognize and follow the first object they see.

8. Imprinting • 2. Imprinting keeps young animals close to their mothers. • 3. Imprinting allows young animals to learn what other animals of their own species look like.

9. Types of Learning • F. Conditioning is a learned behavior.

10. Conditioning

11. Conditioning • 1. Learning that a particular stimulsor response leads to a good or bad outcome is called conditioning. • 2. Desired responses are trained using a reward. • 3. Ivan Pavlov performed experiments on conditioning using dogs.

12. Trial-and-Error Learning • G. Trial and Error is a learned behavior. • 1. Trial and Error is a form of conditioning.

13. Trial and Error Learning • 2. In trial and error, an animal learns to perform a behavior more and more skillfully. • 3. Through repeated practice an animal learns to repeat behaviors that result in rewardsand avoid behaviors that result in punishment. • 4. One example is learning to ridea bike.

14. Insight Learning • H. Insight is a learned behavior.

15. Insight Learning • 1. When you solve a problem or learnhow to do something new by applying what you already know, without a period of trial and error, you are using Insight learning. • 2. Insight learning is most common in primates. • 3. Chimps use insight learning to bendor chewtheir twigs intotools that fit into insect nest holes to find food.

16. Behavior Patterns Chapter 5.2

17. Competition & Aggression • When animals compete they show aggression or a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control

18. Establishing a Territory • Territory = area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals

19. Mating • Courtship behavior is when males and females of the same species prepare for mating.

20. Bowerbird Mating

21. Living in Groups • Living in groups helps animals survive. • They protect each other • Work together to find food

22. Communication • Communicate by • Sounds • Body position • Movement • Scents