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WWI Begins

WWI Begins. Ch 16 Sec 2. A Europe Divided. 1914 – 2 Rival Groups Triple Entente Great Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. The Great War Begins. Chain Reaction A-H declares war on Serbia Russia moves army toward border w/A-H

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WWI Begins

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  1. WWI Begins Ch 16 Sec 2

  2. A Europe Divided • 1914 – 2 Rival Groups • Triple Entente • Great Britain, France, Russia • Triple Alliance • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

  3. The Great War Begins • Chain Reaction • A-H declares war on Serbia • Russia moves army toward border w/A-H • Mobilizes toward Germany in anticipation of declaration of war • Germans view this as declaration of war • Aug 1 – Germany declares war on Russia • Aug 3 – Germany declares war on France • Aug 4 - GB declares war on Germany

  4. Nations Take Sides • Mid-August 1914, battle lines were drawn • Central Powers • At first, Germany and A-H • Later, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire • Hoped to gain land

  5. Allies • GB, France, Russia, Japan • Italy • Accuses Germany and A-H of unjustly starting war • Joins the allies

  6. The Conflict Begins • The Schlieffen Plan • Gen. Alfred Graf von Schlieffen • German army would race west to defeat France • Then fight Russia in the east • Speed vital • Quickest route through Belgium • Refuse to allow them to pass • Germany invades

  7. Schlieffen Plan works at first • Aug 1914 • Germans overran Belgium and moved into France • Sept. 3 – Germans on edge of Paris

  8. Battle of the Marne • Sept 5 • Allies attack Germans northeast of Paris • 2000 taxis used to transport troops from Paris • Sept. 9 – Germans order retreat

  9. Single-most important event of the war • Defeat of Germans left Schlieffen Plan in ruins • Quick victory no longer possible • Russians had invaded Germany • 2-Front war

  10. Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front • Fall 1914 • War turned into long and bloody stalemate • Western Front • Deadlocked region in Northern France

  11. War in the Trenches • 1915 – Trench Warfare • Miles of parallel trenches along Western Front • Offer protection • Huge losses for small land gains • Miserable life • Men slept in mud • rats • No fresh food • Sleep nearly impossible

  12. “No Man’s Land” • Space between trenches • Men go “over the top” to cross • Met by machine-gun fire • Many die • Bombed trenches

  13. New tools of war kill thousands • Machine guns • Poison gas • Armored tanks • Larger artillery

  14. Feb. 1916 – German attack at Verdun • 300,000 die on both sides • Germans advance 4 miles • July 1916 - Battle of the Somme • 20,000 British die in one day • 500,000 on both sides by November • British gain 5 miles

  15. Battle on the Eastern Front • Eastern Front • German and Russian Border • Russians and Serbs vs. Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Turks • More mobile than Western Front

  16. Early Fighting • Central Powers gain the advantage • Aug. 1914 – Germans force Russian retreat • 30,000 Russians killed • Sept 1914 – Russians defeat Austrians • Drive deep into Austria • Dec 1914 – Austria turns the tide • 17-day battle near Limanowa • Defeat Russians and drive east • Jan. 1915 – push Russians out of Austria

  17. Russia Struggles • 1916 - Russia’s war effort near collapse • Russia not industrialized • Short on food, guns, ammo, clothes, boots, blankets • Allies unable to ship supplies to Russia • Russia had only one asset • Huge numbers • prevent Germans from focusing on Western Front

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